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684 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

Pt. 91, SFAR No. 104 

color blue and with the suffix ‘‘G.’’ For ex-
ample, a GPS MEA of 4000 feet MSL would be 
depicted using the color blue, as 4000G. 

Standard MEA. Standard MEA refers to the 

minimum en route IFR altitude on published 
routes that uses ground-based navigation 
aids and are depicted on the published Low 
Altitude and High Altitude En Route Charts 
using the color black. 

Station referenced. Station referenced refers 

to radio navigational aids or fixes that are 
referenced by ground based navigation facili-
ties such as VOR facilities. 

Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS). 

WAAS is an augmentation to GPS that cal-
culates GPS integrity and correction data on 
the ground and uses geo-stationary satellites 
to broadcast GPS integrity and correction 
data to GPS/WAAS users and to provide 
ranging signals. It is a safety critical system 
consisting of a ground network of reference 
and integrity monitor data processing sites 
to assess current GPS performance, as well 
as a space segment that broadcasts that as-
sessment to GNSS users to support en route 
through precision approach navigation. 
Users of the system include all aircraft ap-
plying the WAAS data and ranging signal. 

Section 3. 

Operational Requirements 

To operate an aircraft under this SFAR, 

the following requirements must be met: 

a. Training and qualification for oper-

ations and maintenance personnel on re-
quired navigation equipment used under this 
SFAR. 

b. Use authorized procedures for normal, 

abnormal, and emergency situations unique 
to these operations, including degraded navi-
gation capabilities, and satellite system out-
ages. 

c. For certificate holders, training of flight 

crewmembers and other personnel authorized 
to exercise operational control on the use of 
those procedures specified in paragraph b of 
this section. 

d. Part 129 operators must have approval 

from the State of the operator to conduct op-
erations in accordance with this SFAR. 

e. In order to operate under this SFAR, a 

certificate holder must be authorized in op-
erations specifications. 

Section 4. 

Equipment Requirements 

a. The certificate holder must have prop-

erly installed, certificated, and functional 
dual required navigation systems as defined 
in section 2 of this SFAR for the en route op-
erations covered under this SFAR. 

b. When the aircraft is being operated 

under part 91, the aircraft must be equipped 
with at least one properly installed, certifi-
cated, and functional required navigation 
system as defined in section 2 of this SFAR 
for the en route operations covered under 
this SFAR. 

Section 5. 

Expiration date 

This Special Federal Aviation Regulation 

will remain in effect until rescinded. 

[Doc. No. FAA–2003–14305, 68 FR 14077, Mar. 
21, 2003] 

S

PECIAL

F

EDERAL

A

VIATION

R

EGULATION

 

N

O

. 104—P

ROHIBITION

A

GAINST

C

ER

-

TAIN

F

LIGHTS BY

S

YRIAN

A

IR

C

AR

-

RIERS TO THE

U

NITED

S

TATES

 

1. 

Applicability.  This Special Federal Avia-

tion Regulation (SFAR) No. 104 applies to 
any air carrier owned or controlled by Syria 
that is engaged in scheduled international 
air services. 

2. 

Special flight restrictions. Except as pro-

vided in paragraphs 3 and 4 of this SFAR No. 
104, no air carrier described in paragraph 1 
may take off from or land in the territory of 
the United States. 

3. 

Permitted operations. This SFAR does not 

prohibit overflights of the territory of the 
United States by any air carrier described in 
paragraph 1. 

4. 

Emergency situations. In an emergency 

that requires immediate decision and action 
for the safety of the flight, the pilot in com-
mand of an aircraft of any air carrier de-
scribed in paragraph 1 may deviate from this 
SFAR to the extent required by that emer-
gency. Each person who deviates from this 
rule must, within 10 days of the deviation, 
excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and Federal 
holidays, submit to the responsible Flight 
Standards office a complete report of the op-
erations or the aircraft involved in the devi-
ation, including a description of the devi-
ation and the reasons therefor. 

5. 

Duration. This SFAR No. 104 will remain 

in effect until further notice. 

[Doc. No. FAA–2004–17763, 69 FR 31719, June 4, 
2004, as amended by Docket FAA–2018–0119, 
Amdt. 91–350, 83 FR 9171, Mar. 5, 2018] 

Subpart A—General 

S

OURCE

: Docket No. 18334, 54 FR 34292, Aug. 

18, 1989, unless otherwise noted. 

§ 91.1

Applicability. 

(a) Except as provided in paragraphs 

(b), (c), (e), and (f) of this section and 
§§ 91.701 and 91.703, this part prescribes 
rules governing the operation of air-
craft within the United States, includ-
ing the waters within 3 nautical miles 
of the U.S. coast. 

(b) Each person operating an aircraft 

in the airspace overlying the waters be-
tween 3 and 12 nautical miles from the 

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685 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 91.9 

coast of the United States must com-
ply with §§ 91.1 through 91.21; §§ 91.101 
through 91.143; §§ 91.151 through 91.159; 
§§ 91.167 through 91.193; § 91.203; § 91.205; 
§§ 91.209 through 91.217; § 91.221, § 91.225; 
§§ 91.303 through 91.319; §§ 91.323 through 
91.327; § 91.605; § 91.609; §§ 91.703 through 
91.715; and § 91.903. 

(c) This part applies to each person 

on board an aircraft being operated 
under this part, unless otherwise speci-
fied. 

(d) This part also establishes require-

ments for operators to take actions to 
support the continued airworthiness of 
each airplane. 

(e) This part does not apply to any 

aircraft or vehicle governed by part 103 
of this chapter, or subparts B, C, or D 
of part 101 of this chapter. 

(f) Except as provided in §§ 107.13, 

107.27, 107.47, 107.57, and 107.59 of this 
chapter, this part does not apply to any 
aircraft governed by part 107 of this 
chapter. 

[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34292, Aug. 18, 1989, as 
amended by Amdt. 91–257, 64 FR 1079, Jan. 7, 
1999; Amdt. 91–282, 69 FR 44880, July 27, 2004; 
Amdt. 91–297, 72 FR 63410, Nov. 8, 2007; Amdt. 
91–314, 75 FR 30193, May 28, 2010; Docket 
FAA–2015–0150, Amdt. 91–343, 81 FR 42208, 
June 28, 2016] 

§ 91.3

Responsibility and authority of 

the pilot in command. 

(a) The pilot in command of an air-

craft is directly responsible for, and is 
the final authority as to, the operation 
of that aircraft. 

(b) In an in-flight emergency requir-

ing immediate action, the pilot in com-
mand may deviate from any rule of 
this part to the extent required to 
meet that emergency. 

(c) Each pilot in command who devi-

ates from a rule under paragraph (b) of 
this section shall, upon the request of 
the Administrator, send a written re-
port of that deviation to the Adminis-
trator. 

(Approved by the Office of Management and 
Budget under control number 2120–0005) 

§ 91.5

Pilot in command of aircraft re-

quiring more than one required 
pilot. 

No person may operate an aircraft 

that is type certificated for more than 
one required pilot flight crewmember 

unless the pilot in command meets the 
requirements of § 61.58 of this chapter. 

§ 91.7

Civil aircraft airworthiness. 

(a) No person may operate a civil air-

craft unless it is in an airworthy condi-
tion. 

(b) The pilot in command of a civil 

aircraft is responsible for determining 
whether that aircraft is in condition 
for safe flight. The pilot in command 
shall discontinue the flight when un-
airworthy mechanical, electrical, or 
structural conditions occur. 

§ 91.9

Civil aircraft flight manual, 

marking, and placard requirements. 

(a) Except as provided in paragraph 

(d) of this section, no person may oper-
ate a civil aircraft without complying 
with the operating limitations speci-
fied in the approved Airplane or Rotor-
craft Flight Manual, markings, and 
placards, or as otherwise prescribed by 
the certificating authority of the coun-
try of registry. 

(b) No person may operate a U.S.-reg-

istered civil aircraft— 

(1) For which an Airplane or Rotor-

craft Flight Manual is required by § 21.5 
of this chapter unless there is available 
in the aircraft a current, approved Air-
plane or Rotorcraft Flight Manual or 
the manual provided for in § 121.141(b); 
and 

(2) For which an Airplane or Rotor-

craft Flight Manual is not required by 
§ 21.5 of this chapter, unless there is 
available in the aircraft a current ap-
proved Airplane or Rotorcraft Flight 
Manual, approved manual material, 
markings, and placards, or any com-
bination thereof. 

(c) No person may operate a U.S.-reg-

istered civil aircraft unless that air-
craft is identified in accordance with 
part 45 or 48of this chapter. 

(d) Any person taking off or landing 

a helicopter certificated under part 29 
of this chapter at a heliport con-
structed over water may make such 
momentary flight as is necessary for 
takeoff or landing through the prohib-
ited range of the limiting height-speed 
envelope established for the helicopter 
if that flight through the prohibited 
range takes place over water on which 
a safe ditching can be accomplished 
and if the helicopter is amphibious or 

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