684
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
Pt. 91, SFAR No. 104
color blue and with the suffix ‘‘G.’’ For ex-
ample, a GPS MEA of 4000 feet MSL would be
depicted using the color blue, as 4000G.
Standard MEA. Standard MEA refers to the
minimum en route IFR altitude on published
routes that uses ground-based navigation
aids and are depicted on the published Low
Altitude and High Altitude En Route Charts
using the color black.
Station referenced. Station referenced refers
to radio navigational aids or fixes that are
referenced by ground based navigation facili-
ties such as VOR facilities.
Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS).
WAAS is an augmentation to GPS that cal-
culates GPS integrity and correction data on
the ground and uses geo-stationary satellites
to broadcast GPS integrity and correction
data to GPS/WAAS users and to provide
ranging signals. It is a safety critical system
consisting of a ground network of reference
and integrity monitor data processing sites
to assess current GPS performance, as well
as a space segment that broadcasts that as-
sessment to GNSS users to support en route
through precision approach navigation.
Users of the system include all aircraft ap-
plying the WAAS data and ranging signal.
Section 3.
Operational Requirements
To operate an aircraft under this SFAR,
the following requirements must be met:
a. Training and qualification for oper-
ations and maintenance personnel on re-
quired navigation equipment used under this
SFAR.
b. Use authorized procedures for normal,
abnormal, and emergency situations unique
to these operations, including degraded navi-
gation capabilities, and satellite system out-
ages.
c. For certificate holders, training of flight
crewmembers and other personnel authorized
to exercise operational control on the use of
those procedures specified in paragraph b of
this section.
d. Part 129 operators must have approval
from the State of the operator to conduct op-
erations in accordance with this SFAR.
e. In order to operate under this SFAR, a
certificate holder must be authorized in op-
erations specifications.
Section 4.
Equipment Requirements
a. The certificate holder must have prop-
erly installed, certificated, and functional
dual required navigation systems as defined
in section 2 of this SFAR for the en route op-
erations covered under this SFAR.
b. When the aircraft is being operated
under part 91, the aircraft must be equipped
with at least one properly installed, certifi-
cated, and functional required navigation
system as defined in section 2 of this SFAR
for the en route operations covered under
this SFAR.
Section 5.
Expiration date
This Special Federal Aviation Regulation
will remain in effect until rescinded.
[Doc. No. FAA–2003–14305, 68 FR 14077, Mar.
21, 2003]
S
PECIAL
F
EDERAL
A
VIATION
R
EGULATION
N
O
. 104—P
ROHIBITION
A
GAINST
C
ER
-
TAIN
F
LIGHTS BY
S
YRIAN
A
IR
C
AR
-
RIERS TO THE
U
NITED
S
TATES
1.
Applicability. This Special Federal Avia-
tion Regulation (SFAR) No. 104 applies to
any air carrier owned or controlled by Syria
that is engaged in scheduled international
air services.
2.
Special flight restrictions. Except as pro-
vided in paragraphs 3 and 4 of this SFAR No.
104, no air carrier described in paragraph 1
may take off from or land in the territory of
the United States.
3.
Permitted operations. This SFAR does not
prohibit overflights of the territory of the
United States by any air carrier described in
paragraph 1.
4.
Emergency situations. In an emergency
that requires immediate decision and action
for the safety of the flight, the pilot in com-
mand of an aircraft of any air carrier de-
scribed in paragraph 1 may deviate from this
SFAR to the extent required by that emer-
gency. Each person who deviates from this
rule must, within 10 days of the deviation,
excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and Federal
holidays, submit to the responsible Flight
Standards office a complete report of the op-
erations or the aircraft involved in the devi-
ation, including a description of the devi-
ation and the reasons therefor.
5.
Duration. This SFAR No. 104 will remain
in effect until further notice.
[Doc. No. FAA–2004–17763, 69 FR 31719, June 4,
2004, as amended by Docket FAA–2018–0119,
Amdt. 91–350, 83 FR 9171, Mar. 5, 2018]
Subpart A—General
S
OURCE
: Docket No. 18334, 54 FR 34292, Aug.
18, 1989, unless otherwise noted.
§ 91.1
Applicability.
(a) Except as provided in paragraphs
(b), (c), (e), and (f) of this section and
§§ 91.701 and 91.703, this part prescribes
rules governing the operation of air-
craft within the United States, includ-
ing the waters within 3 nautical miles
of the U.S. coast.
(b) Each person operating an aircraft
in the airspace overlying the waters be-
tween 3 and 12 nautical miles from the
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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
§ 91.9
coast of the United States must com-
ply with §§ 91.1 through 91.21; §§ 91.101
through 91.143; §§ 91.151 through 91.159;
§§ 91.167 through 91.193; § 91.203; § 91.205;
§§ 91.209 through 91.217; § 91.221, § 91.225;
§§ 91.303 through 91.319; §§ 91.323 through
91.327; § 91.605; § 91.609; §§ 91.703 through
91.715; and § 91.903.
(c) This part applies to each person
on board an aircraft being operated
under this part, unless otherwise speci-
fied.
(d) This part also establishes require-
ments for operators to take actions to
support the continued airworthiness of
each airplane.
(e) This part does not apply to any
aircraft or vehicle governed by part 103
of this chapter, or subparts B, C, or D
of part 101 of this chapter.
(f) Except as provided in §§ 107.13,
107.27, 107.47, 107.57, and 107.59 of this
chapter, this part does not apply to any
aircraft governed by part 107 of this
chapter.
[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34292, Aug. 18, 1989, as
amended by Amdt. 91–257, 64 FR 1079, Jan. 7,
1999; Amdt. 91–282, 69 FR 44880, July 27, 2004;
Amdt. 91–297, 72 FR 63410, Nov. 8, 2007; Amdt.
91–314, 75 FR 30193, May 28, 2010; Docket
FAA–2015–0150, Amdt. 91–343, 81 FR 42208,
June 28, 2016]
§ 91.3
Responsibility and authority of
the pilot in command.
(a) The pilot in command of an air-
craft is directly responsible for, and is
the final authority as to, the operation
of that aircraft.
(b) In an in-flight emergency requir-
ing immediate action, the pilot in com-
mand may deviate from any rule of
this part to the extent required to
meet that emergency.
(c) Each pilot in command who devi-
ates from a rule under paragraph (b) of
this section shall, upon the request of
the Administrator, send a written re-
port of that deviation to the Adminis-
trator.
(Approved by the Office of Management and
Budget under control number 2120–0005)
§ 91.5
Pilot in command of aircraft re-
quiring more than one required
pilot.
No person may operate an aircraft
that is type certificated for more than
one required pilot flight crewmember
unless the pilot in command meets the
requirements of § 61.58 of this chapter.
§ 91.7
Civil aircraft airworthiness.
(a) No person may operate a civil air-
craft unless it is in an airworthy condi-
tion.
(b) The pilot in command of a civil
aircraft is responsible for determining
whether that aircraft is in condition
for safe flight. The pilot in command
shall discontinue the flight when un-
airworthy mechanical, electrical, or
structural conditions occur.
§ 91.9
Civil aircraft flight manual,
marking, and placard requirements.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph
(d) of this section, no person may oper-
ate a civil aircraft without complying
with the operating limitations speci-
fied in the approved Airplane or Rotor-
craft Flight Manual, markings, and
placards, or as otherwise prescribed by
the certificating authority of the coun-
try of registry.
(b) No person may operate a U.S.-reg-
istered civil aircraft—
(1) For which an Airplane or Rotor-
craft Flight Manual is required by § 21.5
of this chapter unless there is available
in the aircraft a current, approved Air-
plane or Rotorcraft Flight Manual or
the manual provided for in § 121.141(b);
and
(2) For which an Airplane or Rotor-
craft Flight Manual is not required by
§ 21.5 of this chapter, unless there is
available in the aircraft a current ap-
proved Airplane or Rotorcraft Flight
Manual, approved manual material,
markings, and placards, or any com-
bination thereof.
(c) No person may operate a U.S.-reg-
istered civil aircraft unless that air-
craft is identified in accordance with
part 45 or 48of this chapter.
(d) Any person taking off or landing
a helicopter certificated under part 29
of this chapter at a heliport con-
structed over water may make such
momentary flight as is necessary for
takeoff or landing through the prohib-
ited range of the limiting height-speed
envelope established for the helicopter
if that flight through the prohibited
range takes place over water on which
a safe ditching can be accomplished
and if the helicopter is amphibious or
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