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795 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 91.1065 

under this subpart when those oper-
ations use only one pilot. 

(c) If authorized by the Adminis-

trator, a program manager may com-
ply with the applicable training and 
testing sections of subparts G and H of 
part 135 of this chapter instead of 
§§ 91.1065 through 91.1107, except for the 
operating experience requirements of 
§ 135.244 of this chapter. 

(d) For the purposes of this subpart, 

the following terms and definitions 
apply: 

(1) 

Initial training. The training re-

quired for crewmembers who have not 
qualified and served in the same capac-
ity on an aircraft. 

(2) 

Transition training. The training 

required for crewmembers who have 
qualified and served in the same capac-
ity on another aircraft. 

(3) 

Upgrade training. The training re-

quired for crewmembers who have 
qualified and served as second in com-
mand on a particular aircraft type, be-
fore they serve as pilot in command on 
that aircraft. 

(4) 

Differences training. The training 

required for crewmembers who have 
qualified and served on a particular 
type aircraft, when the Administrator 
finds differences training is necessary 
before a crewmember serves in the 
same capacity on a particular vari-
ation of that aircraft. 

(5) 

Recurrent training. The training 

required for crewmembers to remain 
adequately trained and currently pro-
ficient for each aircraft crewmember 
position, and type of operation in 
which the crewmember serves. 

(6) 

In flight. The maneuvers, proce-

dures, or functions that will be con-
ducted in the aircraft. 

(7) 

Training center. An organization 

governed by the applicable require-
ments of part 142 of this chapter that 
conducts training, testing, and check-
ing under contract or other arrange-
ment to program managers subject to 
the requirements of this subpart. 

(8) 

Requalification training. The train-

ing required for crewmembers pre-
viously trained and qualified, but who 
have become unqualified because of not 
having met within the required period 
any of the following: 

(i) Recurrent crewmember training 

requirements of § 91.1107. 

(ii) Instrument proficiency check re-

quirements of § 91.1069. 

(iii) Testing requirements of § 91.1065. 
(iv) Recurrent flight attendant test-

ing requirements of § 91.1067. 

[Docket No. FAA–2001–10047, 68 FR 54561, 
Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Amdt. 61-144, 85 
FR 10920, Feb. 25, 2020] 

§ 91.1065

Initial and recurrent pilot 

testing requirements. 

(a) No program manager or owner 

may use a pilot, nor may any person 
serve as a pilot, unless, since the begin-
ning of the 12th month before that 
service, that pilot has passed either a 
written or oral test (or a combination), 
given by the Administrator or an au-
thorized check pilot, on that pilot’s 
knowledge in the following areas— 

(1) The appropriate provisions of 

parts 61 and 91 of this chapter and the 
management specifications and the op-
erating manual of the program man-
ager; 

(2) For each type of aircraft to be 

flown by the pilot, the aircraft power-
plant, major components and systems, 
major appliances, performance and op-
erating limitations, standard and 
emergency operating procedures, and 
the contents of the accepted operating 
manual or equivalent, as applicable; 

(3) For each type of aircraft to be 

flown by the pilot, the method of deter-
mining compliance with weight and 
balance limitations for takeoff, landing 
and en route operations; 

(4) Navigation and use of air naviga-

tion aids appropriate to the operation 
or pilot authorization, including, when 
applicable, instrument approach facili-
ties and procedures; 

(5) Air traffic control procedures, in-

cluding IFR procedures when applica-
ble; 

(6) Meteorology in general, including 

the principles of frontal systems, icing, 
fog, thunderstorms, and windshear, 
and, if appropriate for the operation of 
the program manager, high altitude 
weather; 

(7) Procedures for— 
(i) Recognizing and avoiding severe 

weather situations; 

(ii) Escaping from severe weather sit-

uations, in case of inadvertent encoun-
ters, including low-altitude windshear 
(except that rotorcraft aircraft pilots 

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796 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 91.1067 

are not required to be tested on escap-
ing from low-altitude windshear); and 

(iii) Operating in or near thunder-

storms (including best penetration al-
titudes), turbulent air (including clear 
air turbulence), icing, hail, and other 
potentially hazardous meteorological 
conditions; and 

(8) New equipment, procedures, or 

techniques, as appropriate. 

(b) No program manager or owner 

may use a pilot, nor may any person 
serve as a pilot, in any aircraft unless, 
since the beginning of the 12th month 
before that service, that pilot has 
passed a competency check given by 
the Administrator or an authorized 
check pilot in that class of aircraft, if 
single-engine aircraft other than tur-
bojet, or that type of aircraft, if rotor-
craft, multiengine aircraft, or turbojet 
airplane, to determine the pilot’s com-
petence in practical skills and tech-
niques in that aircraft or class of air-
craft. The extent of the competency 
check will be determined by the Ad-
ministrator or authorized check pilot 
conducting the competency check. The 
competency check may include any of 
the maneuvers and procedures cur-
rently required for the original 
issuance of the particular pilot certifi-
cate required for the operations au-
thorized and appropriate to the cat-
egory, class and type of aircraft in-
volved. For the purposes of this para-
graph, type, as to an airplane, means 
any one of a group of airplanes deter-
mined by the Administrator to have a 
similar means of propulsion, the same 
manufacturer, and no significantly dif-
ferent handling or flight characteris-
tics. For the purposes of this para-
graph, type, as to a rotorcraft, means a 
basic make and model. 

(c) The instrument proficiency check 

required by § 91.1069 may be substituted 
for the competency check required by 
this section for the type of aircraft 
used in the check. 

(d) For the purpose of this subpart, 

competent performance of a procedure 
or maneuver by a person to be used as 
a pilot requires that the pilot be the 
obvious master of the aircraft, with the 
successful outcome of the maneuver 
never in doubt. 

(e) The Administrator or authorized 

check pilot certifies the competency of 

each pilot who passes the knowledge or 
flight check in the program manager’s 
pilot records. 

(f) All or portions of a required com-

petency check may be given in an air-
craft simulator or other appropriate 
training device, if approved by the Ad-
ministrator. 

(g) If the program manager is author-

ized to conduct EFVS operations, the 
competency check in paragraph (b) of 
this section must include tasks appro-
priate to the EFVS operations the cer-
tificate holder is authorized to con-
duct. 

[Docket No. FAA–2001–10047, 68 FR 54561, 
Sept. 17, 2003, as amended by Docket FAA– 
2013–0485, Amdt. 91–345, 81 FR 90175, Dec. 13, 
2016] 

§ 91.1067

Initial and recurrent flight 

attendant crewmember testing re-
quirements. 

No program manager or owner may 

use a flight attendant crewmember, 
nor may any person serve as a flight 
attendant crewmember unless, since 
the beginning of the 12th month before 
that service, the program manager has 
determined by appropriate initial and 
recurrent testing that the person is 
knowledgeable and competent in the 
following areas as appropriate to as-
signed duties and responsibilities— 

(a) Authority of the pilot in com-

mand; 

(b) Passenger handling, including 

procedures to be followed in handling 
deranged persons or other persons 
whose conduct might jeopardize safety; 

(c) Crewmember assignments, func-

tions, and responsibilities during ditch-
ing and evacuation of persons who may 
need the assistance of another person 
to move expeditiously to an exit in an 
emergency; 

(d) Briefing of passengers; 
(e) Location and operation of port-

able fire extinguishers and other items 
of emergency equipment; 

(f) Proper use of cabin equipment and 

controls; 

(g) Location and operation of pas-

senger oxygen equipment; 

(h) Location and operation of all nor-

mal and emergency exits, including 
evacuation slides and escape ropes; and 

(i) Seating of persons who may need 

assistance of another person to move 

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