title-14-part-91-sec91-107

689

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT

§ 91.107

weather reports and forecasts, fuel re-
quirements, alternatives available if
the planned flight cannot be com-
pleted, and any known traffic delays of
which the pilot in command has been
advised by ATC;

(b) For any flight, runway lengths at

airports of intended use, and the fol-
lowing takeoff and landing distance in-
formation:

(1) For civil aircraft for which an ap-

proved Airplane or Rotorcraft Flight
Manual containing takeoff and landing
distance data is required, the takeoff
and landing distance data contained
therein; and

(2) For civil aircraft other than those

specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this sec-
tion, other reliable information appro-
priate to the aircraft, relating to air-
craft performance under expected val-
ues of airport elevation and runway
slope, aircraft gross weight, and wind
and temperature.

§ 91.105

Flight crewmembers at sta-

tions.

(a) During takeoff and landing, and

while en route, each required flight
crewmember shall—

(1) Be at the crewmember station un-

less the absence is necessary to per-
form duties in connection with the op-
eration of the aircraft or in connection
with physiological needs; and

(2) Keep the safety belt fastened

while at the crewmember station.

(b) Each required flight crewmember

of a U.S.-registered civil aircraft shall,
during takeoff and landing, keep his or
her shoulder harness fastened while at
his or her assigned duty station. This
paragraph does not apply if—

(1) The seat at the crewmember’s sta-

tion is not equipped with a shoulder
harness; or

(2) The crewmember would be unable

to perform required duties with the
shoulder harness fastened.

[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34294, Aug. 18, 1989, as
amended by Amdt. 91–231, 57 FR 42671, Sept.
15, 1992]

§ 91.107

Use of safety belts, shoulder

harnesses, and child restraint sys-
tems.

(a) Unless otherwise authorized by

the Administrator—

(1) No pilot may take off a U.S.-reg-

istered civil aircraft (except a free bal-
loon that incorporates a basket or gon-
dola, or an airship type certificated be-
fore November 2, 1987) unless the pilot
in command of that aircraft ensures
that each person on board is briefed on
how to fasten and unfasten that per-
son’s safety belt and, if installed,
shoulder harness.

(2) No pilot may cause to be moved

on the surface, take off, or land a U.S.-
registered civil aircraft (except a free
balloon that incorporates a basket or
gondola, or an airship type certificated
before November 2, 1987) unless the
pilot in command of that aircraft en-
sures that each person on board has
been notified to fasten his or her safety
belt and, if installed, his or her shoul-
der harness.

(3) Except as provided in this para-

graph, each person on board a U.S.-reg-
istered civil aircraft (except a free bal-
loon that incorporates a basket or gon-
dola or an airship type certificated be-
fore November 2, 1987) must occupy an
approved seat or berth with a safety
belt and, if installed, shoulder harness,
properly secured about him or her dur-
ing movement on the surface, takeoff,
and landing. For seaplane and float
equipped rotorcraft operations during
movement on the surface, the person
pushing off the seaplane or rotorcraft
from the dock and the person mooring
the seaplane or rotorcraft at the dock
are excepted from the preceding seat-
ing and safety belt requirements. Not-
withstanding the preceding require-
ments of this paragraph, a person may:

(i) Be held by an adult who is occu-

pying an approved seat or berth, pro-
vided that the person being held has
not reached his or her second birthday
and does not occupy or use any re-
straining device;

(ii) Use the floor of the aircraft as a

seat, provided that the person is on
board for the purpose of engaging in
sport parachuting; or

(iii) Notwithstanding any other re-

quirement of this chapter, occupy an
approved child restraint system fur-
nished by the operator or one of the
persons described in paragraph
(a)(3)(iii)(A) of this section provided
that:

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690

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)

§ 91.109

(A) The child is accompanied by a

parent, guardian, or attendant des-
ignated by the child’s parent or guard-
ian to attend to the safety of the child
during the flight;

(B) Except as provided in paragraph

(a)(3)(iii)(B)(

4) of this action, the ap-

proved child restraint system bears one
or more labels as follows:

(

1) Seats manufactured to U.S. stand-

ards between January 1, 1981, and Feb-
ruary 25, 1985, must bear the label:
‘‘This child restraint system conforms
to all applicable Federal motor vehicle
safety standards’’;

(

2) Seats manufactured to U.S. stand-

ards on or after February 26, 1985, must
bear two labels:

(

i) ‘‘This child restraint system con-

forms to all applicable Federal motor
vehicle safety standards’’; and

(

ii) ‘‘THIS RESTRAINT IS CER-

TIFIED FOR USE IN MOTOR VEHI-
CLES AND AIRCRAFT’’ in red let-
tering;

(

3) Seats that do not qualify under

paragraphs (a)(3)(iii)(B)(

1) and

(a)(3)(iii)(B)(

2) of this section must

bear a label or markings showing:

(

ii) That the seat was manufactured

under the standards of the United Na-
tions;

(

iii) That the seat or child restraint

device furnished by the operator was
approved by the FAA through Type
Certificate or Supplemental Type Cer-
tificate; or

(

iv) That the seat or child restraint

device furnished by the operator, or
one of the persons described in para-
graph (a)(3)(iii)(A) of this section, was
approved by the FAA in accordance
with § 21.8(d) of this chapter or Tech-
nical Standard Order C–100b or a later
version. The child restraint device
manufactured by AmSafe, Inc.
(CARES, Part No. 4082) and approved
by the FAA in accordance with
§ 21.305(d) (2010 ed.) of this chapter may
continue to bear a label or markings
showing FAA approval in accordance
with § 21.305(d) (2010 ed.) of this chapter.

(

4) Except as provided in

§ 91.107(a)(3)(iii)(B)(

3)(iii) and

§ 91.107(a)(3)(iii)(B)(

3)(iv), booster-type

child restraint systems (as defined in
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard
No. 213 (49 CFR 571.213)), vest- and har-
ness-type child restraint systems, and

lap held child restraints are not ap-
proved for use in aircraft; and

following requirements:

(

1) The restraint system must be

properly secured to an approved for-
ward-facing seat or berth;

(

2) The child must be properly se-

cured in the restraint system and must
not exceed the specified weight limit
for the restraint system; and

(

3) The restraint system must bear

the appropriate label(s).

(b) Unless otherwise stated, this sec-

tion does not apply to operations con-
ducted under part 121, 125, or 135 of this
chapter. Paragraph (a)(3) of this sec-
tion does not apply to persons subject
to § 91.105.

[Doc. No. 26142, 57 FR 42671, Sept. 15, 1992, as
amended by Amdt. 91–250, 61 FR 28421, June
4, 1996; Amdt. 91–289, 70 FR 50906, Aug. 26,
2005; Amdt. 91–292, 71 FR 40009, July 14, 2006;
Amdt. 91–317, 75 FR 48857, Aug. 12, 2010;
Amdt. 91–332, 79 FR 28812, May 20, 2014]

§ 91.109

Flight instruction; Simulated

instrument flight and certain flight
tests.

(a) No person may operate a civil air-

craft (except a manned free balloon)
that is being used for flight instruction
unless that aircraft has fully func-
tioning dual controls. However, instru-
ment flight instruction may be given
in an airplane that is equipped with a
single, functioning throwover control
wheel that controls the elevator and
ailerons, in place of fixed, dual con-
trols, when—

(1) The instructor has determined

that the flight can be conducted safely;
and

(2) The person manipulating the con-

trols has at least a private pilot certifi-
cate with appropriate category and
class ratings.

(b) An airplane equipped with a sin-

gle, functioning throwover control
wheel that controls the elevator and
ailerons, in place of fixed, dual controls
may be used for flight instruction to
conduct a flight review required by
§ 61.56 of this chapter, or to obtain re-
cent flight experience or an instrument
proficiency check required by § 61.57
when—

(1) The airplane is equipped with op-

erable rudder pedals at both pilot sta-
tions;