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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 91.1079 

interest of safety, the Administrator 
may, upon a statement of the reasons, 
require a change effective without 
stay. 

§ 91.1079

Training program: Cur-

riculum. 

(a) Each program manager must pre-

pare and keep current a written train-
ing program curriculum for each type 
of aircraft for each crewmember re-
quired for that type aircraft. The cur-
riculum must include ground and flight 
training required by this subpart. 

(b) Each training program cur-

riculum must include the following: 

(1) A list of principal ground training 

subjects, including emergency training 
subjects, that are provided. 

(2) A list of all the training devices, 

mock-ups, systems trainers, procedures 
trainers, or other training aids that 
the program manager will use. 

(3) Detailed descriptions or pictorial 

displays of the approved normal, abnor-
mal, and emergency maneuvers, proce-
dures and functions that will be per-
formed during each flight training 
phase or flight check, indicating those 
maneuvers, procedures and functions 
that are to be performed during the 
inflight portions of flight training and 
flight checks. 

§ 91.1081

Crewmember training re-

quirements. 

(a) Each program manager must in-

clude in its training program the fol-
lowing initial and transition ground 
training as appropriate to the par-
ticular assignment of the crewmember: 

(1) Basic indoctrination ground train-

ing for newly hired crewmembers in-
cluding instruction in at least the— 

(i) Duties and responsibilities of 

crewmembers as applicable; 

(ii) Appropriate provisions of this 

chapter; 

(iii) Contents of the program man-

ager’s management specifications (not 
required for flight attendants); and 

(iv) Appropriate portions of the pro-

gram manager’s operating manual. 

(2) The initial and transition ground 

training in §§ 91.1101 and 91.1105, as ap-
plicable. 

(3) Emergency training in § 91.1083. 

(b) Each training program must pro-

vide the initial and transition flight 
training in § 91.1103, as applicable. 

(c) Each training program must pro-

vide recurrent ground and flight train-
ing as provided in § 91.1107. 

(d) Upgrade training in §§ 91.1101 and 

91.1103 for a particular type aircraft 
may be included in the training pro-
gram for crewmembers who have quali-
fied and served as second in command 
on that aircraft. 

(e) In addition to initial, transition, 

upgrade and recurrent training, each 
training program must provide ground 
and flight training, instruction, and 
practice necessary to ensure that each 
crewmember— 

(1) Remains adequately trained and 

currently proficient for each aircraft, 
crewmember position, and type of oper-
ation in which the crewmember serves; 
and 

(2) Qualifies in new equipment, facili-

ties, procedures, and techniques, in-
cluding modifications to aircraft. 

§ 91.1083

Crewmember emergency 

training. 

(a) Each training program must pro-

vide emergency training under this sec-
tion for each aircraft type, model, and 
configuration, each crewmember, and 
each kind of operation conducted, as 
appropriate for each crewmember and 
the program manager. 

(b) Emergency training must provide 

the following: 

(1) Instruction in emergency assign-

ments and procedures, including co-
ordination among crewmembers. 

(2) Individual instruction in the loca-

tion, function, and operation of emer-
gency equipment including— 

(i) Equipment used in ditching and 

evacuation; 

(ii) First aid equipment and its prop-

er use; and 

(iii) Portable fire extinguishers, with 

emphasis on the type of extinguisher to 
be used on different classes of fires. 

(3) Instruction in the handling of 

emergency situations including— 

(i) Rapid decompression; 
(ii) Fire in flight or on the surface 

and smoke control procedures with em-
phasis on electrical equipment and re-
lated circuit breakers found in cabin 
areas; 

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801 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 91.1089 

(iii) Ditching and evacuation; 
(iv) Illness, injury, or other abnormal 

situations involving passengers or 
crewmembers; and 

(v) Hijacking and other unusual situ-

ations. 

(4) Review and discussion of previous 

aircraft accidents and incidents involv-
ing actual emergency situations. 

(c) Each crewmember must perform 

at least the following emergency drills, 
using the proper emergency equipment 
and procedures, unless the Adminis-
trator finds that, for a particular drill, 
the crewmember can be adequately 
trained by demonstration: 

(1) Ditching, if applicable. 
(2) Emergency evacuation. 
(3) Fire extinguishing and smoke con-

trol. 

(4) Operation and use of emergency 

exits, including deployment and use of 
evacuation slides, if applicable. 

(5) Use of crew and passenger oxygen. 
(6) Removal of life rafts from the air-

craft, inflation of the life rafts, use of 
lifelines, and boarding of passengers 
and crew, if applicable. 

(7) Donning and inflation of life vests 

and the use of other individual flota-
tion devices, if applicable. 

(d) Crewmembers who serve in oper-

ations above 25,000 feet must receive 
instruction in the following: 

(1) Respiration. 
(2) Hypoxia. 
(3) Duration of consciousness without 

supplemental oxygen at altitude. 

(4) Gas expansion. 
(5) Gas bubble formation. 
(6) Physical phenomena and incidents 

of decompression. 

§ 91.1085

Hazardous materials recogni-

tion training. 

No program manager may use any 

person to perform, and no person may 
perform, any assigned duties and re-
sponsibilities for the handling or car-
riage of hazardous materials (as de-
fined in 49 CFR 171.8), unless that per-
son has received training in the rec-
ognition of hazardous materials. 

§ 91.1087

Approval of aircraft simula-

tors and other training devices. 

(a) Training courses using aircraft 

simulators and other training devices 
may be included in the program man-

ager’s training program if approved by 
the Administrator. 

(b) Each aircraft simulator and other 

training device that is used in a train-
ing course or in checks required under 
this subpart must meet the following 
requirements: 

(1) It must be specifically approved 

for— 

(i) The program manager; and 
(ii) The particular maneuver, proce-

dure, or crewmember function in-
volved. 

(2) It must maintain the perform-

ance, functional, and other characteris-
tics that are required for approval. 

(3) Additionally, for aircraft simula-

tors, it must be— 

(i) Approved for the type aircraft 

and, if applicable, the particular vari-
ation within type for which the train-
ing or check is being conducted; and 

(ii) Modified to conform with any 

modification to the aircraft being sim-
ulated that changes the performance, 
functional, or other characteristics re-
quired for approval. 

(c) A particular aircraft simulator or 

other training device may be used by 
more than one program manager. 

(d) In granting initial and final ap-

proval of training programs or revi-
sions to them, the Administrator con-
siders the training devices, methods, 
and procedures listed in the program 
manager’s curriculum under § 91.1079. 

§ 91.1089

Qualifications: Check pilots 

(aircraft) and check pilots (simu-
lator). 

(a) For the purposes of this section 

and § 91.1093: 

(1) A check pilot (aircraft) is a person 

who is qualified to conduct flight 
checks in an aircraft, in a flight simu-
lator, or in a flight training device for 
a particular type aircraft. 

(2) A check pilot (simulator) is a per-

son who is qualified to conduct flight 
checks, but only in a flight simulator, 
in a flight training device, or both, for 
a particular type aircraft. 

(3) Check pilots (aircraft) and check 

pilots (simulator) are those check pi-
lots who perform the functions de-
scribed in § 91.1073(a)(4) and (c). 

(b) No program manager may use a 

person, nor may any person serve as a 

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