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803 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 91.1093 

(1) Holds the pilot certificates and 

ratings required to serve as a pilot in 
command in operations under this sub-
part or part 121 or 135 of this chapter; 

(2) Has satisfactorily completed the 

training phases for the aircraft, includ-
ing recurrent training, that are re-
quired to serve as a pilot in command 
in operations under this subpart; 

(3) Has satisfactorily completed the 

proficiency or competency checks that 
are required to serve as a pilot in com-
mand in operations under this subpart; 

(4) Has satisfactorily completed the 

applicable training requirements of 
§ 91.1095; and 

(5) Holds at least a Class III medical 

certificate. 

(c) No program manager may use a 

person, nor may any person serve as a 
flight instructor (simulator) in a train-
ing program established under this sub-
part, unless, with respect to the type, 
class, or category aircraft involved, 
that person meets the provisions of 
paragraph (b) of this section, or— 

(1) Holds the pilot certificates and 

ratings, except medical certificate, re-
quired to serve as a pilot in command 
in operations under this subpart or 
part 121 or 135 of this chapter; 

(2) Has satisfactorily completed the 

appropriate training phases for the air-
craft, including recurrent training, 
that are required to serve as a pilot in 
command in operations under this sub-
part; 

(3) Has satisfactorily completed the 

appropriate proficiency or competency 
checks that are required to serve as a 
pilot in command in operations under 
this subpart; and 

(4) Has satisfactorily completed the 

applicable training requirements of 
§ 91.1095. 

(d) Completion of the requirements 

in paragraphs (b)(2), (3), and (4) or 
(c)(2), (3), and (4) of this section, as ap-
plicable, must be entered in the indi-
vidual’s training record maintained by 
the program manager. 

(e) A pilot who does not hold a med-

ical certificate may function as a flight 
instructor in an aircraft if functioning 
as a non-required crewmember, but 
may not serve as a flightcrew member 
in operations under this subpart. 

(f) A flight instructor (simulator) 

must accomplish the following— 

(1) Fly at least two flight segments 

as a required crewmember for the type, 
class, or category aircraft involved 
within the 12-month period preceding 
the performance of any flight instruc-
tor duty in a flight simulator; or 

(2) Satisfactorily complete an ap-

proved line-observation program with-
in the period prescribed by that pro-
gram preceding the performance of any 
flight instructor duty in a flight simu-
lator. 

(g) The flight segments or line-obser-

vation program required in paragraph 
(f) of this section are considered com-
pleted in the month required if com-
pleted in the month before, or in the 
month after, the month in which they 
are due. 

[Doc. No. FAA–2001–10047, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 
17, 2003, as amended by Amdt. 91–322, 76 FR 
31823, June 2, 2011] 

§ 91.1093

Initial and transition train-

ing and checking: Check pilots (air-
craft), check pilots (simulator). 

(a) No program manager may use a 

person nor may any person serve as a 
check pilot unless— 

(1) That person has satisfactorily 

completed initial or transition check 
pilot training; and 

(2) Within the preceding 24 months, 

that person satisfactorily conducts a 
proficiency or competency check under 
the observation of an FAA inspector or 
an aircrew designated examiner em-
ployed by the program manager. The 
observation check may be accom-
plished in part or in full in an aircraft, 
in a flight simulator, or in a flight 
training device. 

(b) The observation check required 

by paragraph (a)(2) of this section is 
considered to have been completed in 
the month required if completed in the 
month before or the month after the 
month in which it is due. 

(c) The initial ground training for 

check pilots must include the fol-
lowing: 

(1) Check pilot duties, functions, and 

responsibilities. 

(2) The applicable provisions of the 

Code of Federal Regulations and the 
program manager’s policies and proce-
dures. 

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804 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§ 91.1095 

(3) The applicable methods, proce-

dures, and techniques for conducting 
the required checks. 

(4) Proper evaluation of student per-

formance including the detection of— 

(i) Improper and insufficient train-

ing; and 

(ii) Personal characteristics of an ap-

plicant that could adversely affect 
safety. 

(5) The corrective action in the case 

of unsatisfactory checks. 

(6) The approved methods, proce-

dures, and limitations for performing 
the required normal, abnormal, and 
emergency procedures in the aircraft. 

(d) The transition ground training for 

a check pilot must include the ap-
proved methods, procedures, and limi-
tations for performing the required 
normal, abnormal, and emergency pro-
cedures applicable to the aircraft to 
which the check pilot is in transition. 

(e) The initial and transition flight 

training for a check pilot (aircraft) 
must include the following— 

(1) The safety measures for emer-

gency situations that are likely to de-
velop during a check; 

(2) The potential results of improper, 

untimely, or nonexecution of safety 
measures during a check; 

(3) Training and practice in con-

ducting flight checks from the left and 
right pilot seats in the required nor-
mal, abnormal, and emergency proce-
dures to ensure competence to conduct 
the pilot flight checks required by this 
subpart; and 

(4) The safety measures to be taken 

from either pilot seat for emergency 
situations that are likely to develop 
during checking. 

(f) The requirements of paragraph (e) 

of this section may be accomplished in 
full or in part in flight, in a flight sim-
ulator, or in a flight training device, as 
appropriate. 

(g) The initial and transition flight 

training for a check pilot (simulator) 
must include the following: 

(1) Training and practice in con-

ducting flight checks in the required 
normal, abnormal, and emergency pro-
cedures to ensure competence to con-
duct the flight checks required by this 
subpart. This training and practice 
must be accomplished in a flight simu-
lator or in a flight training device. 

(2) Training in the operation of flight 

simulators, flight training devices, or 
both, to ensure competence to conduct 
the flight checks required by this sub-
part. 

§ 91.1095

Initial and transition train-

ing and checking: Flight instructors 
(aircraft), flight instructors (simu-
lator). 

(a) No program manager may use a 

person nor may any person serve as a 
flight instructor unless— 

(1) That person has satisfactorily 

completed initial or transition flight 
instructor training; and 

(2) Within the preceding 24 months, 

that person satisfactorily conducts in-
struction under the observation of an 
FAA inspector, a program manager 
check pilot, or an aircrew designated 
examiner employed by the program 
manager. The observation check may 
be accomplished in part or in full in an 
aircraft, in a flight simulator, or in a 
flight training device. 

(b) The observation check required 

by paragraph (a)(2) of this section is 
considered to have been completed in 
the month required if completed in the 
month before, or the month after, the 
month in which it is due. 

(c) The initial ground training for 

flight instructors must include the fol-
lowing: 

(1) Flight instructor duties, func-

tions, and responsibilities. 

(2) The applicable Code of Federal 

Regulations and the program man-
ager’s policies and procedures. 

(3) The applicable methods, proce-

dures, and techniques for conducting 
flight instruction. 

(4) Proper evaluation of student per-

formance including the detection of— 

(i) Improper and insufficient train-

ing; and 

(ii) Personal characteristics of an ap-

plicant that could adversely affect 
safety. 

(5) The corrective action in the case 

of unsatisfactory training progress. 

(6) The approved methods, proce-

dures, and limitations for performing 
the required normal, abnormal, and 
emergency procedures in the aircraft. 

(7) Except for holders of a flight in-

structor certificate— 

(i) The fundamental principles of the 

teaching-learning process; 

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