694
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 91.125
been issued to the pilot of another air-
craft for radar air traffic control pur-
poses.
(Approved by the Office of Management and
Budget under control number 2120–0005)
[Doc. No. 18834, 54 FR 34294, Aug. 18, 1989, as
amended by Amdt. 91–227, 56 FR 65658, Dec.
17, 1991; Amdt. 91–244, 60 FR 50679, Sept. 29,
1995]
§ 91.125
ATC light signals.
ATC light signals have the meaning
shown in the following table:
Color and type of
signal
Meaning with re-
spect to aircraft on
the surface
Meaning with re-
spect to aircraft in
flight
Steady green ........
Cleared for takeoff
Cleared to land.
Flashing green ......
Cleared to taxi ......
Return for landing
(to be followed
by steady green
at proper time).
Steady red ............
Stop ......................
Give way to other
aircraft and con-
tinue circling.
Flashing red ..........
Taxi clear of run-
way in use.
Airport unsafe—do
not land.
Flashing white ......
Return to starting
point on airport.
Not applicable.
Alternating red and
green.
Exercise extreme
caution.
Exercise extreme
caution.
§ 91.126
Operating on or in the vicinity
of an airport in Class G airspace.
(a)
General. Unless otherwise author-
ized or required, each person operating
an aircraft on or in the vicinity of an
airport in a Class G airspace area must
comply with the requirements of this
section.
(b)
Direction of turns. When approach-
ing to land at an airport without an op-
erating control tower in Class G air-
space—
(1) Each pilot of an airplane must
make all turns of that airplane to the
left unless the airport displays ap-
proved light signals or visual markings
indicating that turns should be made
to the right, in which case the pilot
must make all turns to the right; and
(2) Each pilot of a helicopter or a
powered parachute must avoid the flow
of fixed-wing aircraft.
(c)
Flap settings. Except when nec-
essary for training or certification, the
pilot in command of a civil turbojet-
powered aircraft must use, as a final
flap setting, the minimum certificated
landing flap setting set forth in the ap-
proved performance information in the
Airplane Flight Manual for the appli-
cable conditions. However, each pilot
in command has the final authority
and responsibility for the safe oper-
ation of the pilot’s airplane, and may
use a different flap setting for that air-
plane if the pilot determines that it is
necessary in the interest of safety.
(d)
Communications with control tow-
ers. Unless otherwise authorized or re-
quired by ATC, no person may operate
an aircraft to, from, through, or on an
airport having an operational control
tower unless two-way radio commu-
nications are maintained between that
aircraft and the control tower. Commu-
nications must be established prior to 4
nautical miles from the airport, up to
and including 2,500 feet AGL. However,
if the aircraft radio fails in flight, the
pilot in command may operate that
aircraft and land if weather conditions
are at or above basic VFR weather
minimums, visual contact with the
tower is maintained, and a clearance to
land is received. If the aircraft radio
fails while in flight under IFR, the
pilot must comply with § 91.185.
[Doc. No. 24458, 56 FR 65658, Dec. 17, 1991, as
amended by Amdt. 91–239, 59 FR 11693, Mar.
11, 1994; Amdt. 91–282, 69 FR 44880, July 27,
2004]
§ 91.127
Operating on or in the vicinity
of an airport in Class E airspace.
(a) Unless otherwise required by part
93 of this chapter or unless otherwise
authorized or required by the ATC fa-
cility having jurisdiction over the
Class E airspace area, each person op-
erating an aircraft on or in the vicinity
of an airport in a Class E airspace area
must comply with the requirements of
§ 91.126.
(b)
Departures. Each pilot of an air-
craft must comply with any traffic pat-
terns established for that airport in
part 93 of this chapter.
(c)
Communications with control tow-
ers. Unless otherwise authorized or re-
quired by ATC, no person may operate
an aircraft to, from, through, or on an
airport having an operational control
tower unless two-way radio commu-
nications are maintained between that
aircraft and the control tower. Commu-
nications must be established prior to 4
nautical miles from the airport, up to
and including 2,500 feet AGL. However,
if the aircraft radio fails in flight, the
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