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706 

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition) 

§§ 91.162–91.165 

This free training is available on the 
FAA’s Web site. Upon completion of 
the training, each person will need to 
print out a copy of the certificate of 
training completion. 

(c) 

Inspection of certificate of training 

completion.  Each person who holds a 
certificate for completing the Special 
Awareness Training must present it for 
inspection upon request from: 

(1) An authorized representative of 

the FAA; 

(2) An authorized representative of 

the National Transportation Safety 
Board; 

(3) Any Federal, State, or local law 

enforcement officer; or 

(4) An authorized representative of 

the Transportation Security Adminis-
tration. 

(d) 

Emergency declared. The failure to 

complete the Special Awareness Train-
ing course on flying in and around the 
Washington, DC Metropolitan Area is 
not a violation of this section if an 
emergency is declared by the pilot, as 
described under § 91.3(b), or there was a 
failure of two-way radio communica-
tions when operating under IFR as de-
scribed under § 91.185. 

(e) 

Exceptions.  The requirements of 

this section do not apply if the flight is 
being performed in an aircraft of an air 
ambulance operator certificated to 
conduct part 135 operations under this 
chapter, the U.S. Armed Forces, or a 
law enforcement agency. 

[Doc. No. FAA–2006–25250, 73 FR 46803, Aug. 
12, 2008] 

§§ 91.162–91.165

[Reserved] 

I

NSTRUMENT

F

LIGHT

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ULES

 

§ 91.167

Fuel requirements for flight in 

IFR conditions. 

(a) No person may operate a civil air-

craft in IFR conditions unless it car-
ries enough fuel (considering weather 
reports and forecasts and weather con-
ditions) to— 

(1) Complete the flight to the first 

airport of intended landing; 

(2) Except as provided in paragraph 

(b) of this section, fly from that airport 
to the alternate airport; and 

(3) Fly after that for 45 minutes at 

normal cruising speed or, for heli-

copters, fly after that for 30 minutes at 
normal cruising speed. 

(b) Paragraph (a)(2) of this section 

does not apply if: 

(1) Part 97 of this chapter prescribes 

a standard instrument approach proce-
dure to, or a special instrument ap-
proach procedure has been issued by 
the Administrator to the operator for, 
the first airport of intended landing; 
and 

(2) Appropriate weather reports or 

weather forecasts, or a combination of 
them, indicate the following: 

(i) 

For aircraft other than helicopters. 

For at least 1 hour before and for 1 
hour after the estimated time of ar-
rival, the ceiling will be at least 2,000 
feet above the airport elevation and 
the visibility will be at least 3 statute 
miles. 

(ii) 

For helicopters. At the estimated 

time of arrival and for 1 hour after the 
estimated time of arrival, the ceiling 
will be at least 1,000 feet above the air-
port elevation, or at least 400 feet 
above the lowest applicable approach 
minima, whichever is higher, and the 
visibility will be at least 2 statute 
miles. 

[Doc. No. 98–4390, 65 FR 3546, Jan. 21, 2000] 

§ 91.169

IFR flight plan: Information 

required. 

(a) 

Information required. Unless other-

wise authorized by ATC, each person 
filing an IFR flight plan must include 
in it the following information: 

(1) Information required under § 91.153 

(a) of this part; 

(2) Except as provided in paragraph 

(b) of this section, an alternate airport. 

(b) Paragraph (a)(2) of this section 

does not apply if : 

(1) Part 97 of this chapter prescribes 

a standard instrument approach proce-
dure to, or a special instrument ap-
proach procedure has been issued by 
the Administrator to the operator for, 
the first airport of intended landing; 
and 

(2) Appropriate weather reports or 

weather forecasts, or a combination of 
them, indicate the following: 

(i) 

For aircraft other than helicopters. 

For at least 1 hour before and for 1 
hour after the estimated time of ar-
rival, the ceiling will be at least 2,000 
feet above the airport elevation and 

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707 

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 

§ 91.171 

the visibility will be at least 3 statute 
miles. 

(ii) 

For helicopters. At the estimated 

time of arrival and for 1 hour after the 
estimated time of arrival, the ceiling 
will be at least 1,000 feet above the air-
port elevation, or at least 400 feet 
above the lowest applicable approach 
minima, whichever is higher, and the 
visibility will be at least 2 statute 
miles. 

(c) 

IFR alternate airport weather mini-

ma. Unless otherwise authorized by the 
Administrator, no person may include 
an alternate airport in an IFR flight 
plan unless appropriate weather re-
ports or weather forecasts, or a com-
bination of them, indicate that, at the 
estimated time of arrival at the alter-
nate airport, the ceiling and visibility 
at that airport will be at or above the 
following weather minima: 

(1) If an instrument approach proce-

dure has been published in part 97 of 
this chapter, or a special instrument 
approach procedure has been issued by 
the Administrator to the operator, for 
that airport, the following minima: 

(i) 

For aircraft other than helicopters: 

The alternate airport minima specified 
in that procedure, or if none are speci-
fied the following standard approach 
minima: 

(A) 

For a precision approach procedure. 

Ceiling 600 feet and visibility 2 statute 
miles. 

(B) 

For a nonprecision approach proce-

dure.  Ceiling 800 feet and visibility 2 
statute miles. 

(ii) 

For helicopters: Ceiling 200 feet 

above the minimum for the approach 
to be flown, and visibility at least 1 
statute mile but never less than the 
minimum visibility for the approach to 
be flown, and 

(2) If no instrument approach proce-

dure has been published in part 97 of 
this chapter and no special instrument 
approach procedure has been issued by 
the Administrator to the operator, for 
the alternate airport, the ceiling and 
visibility minima are those allowing 
descent from the MEA, approach, and 
landing under basic VFR. 

(d) 

Cancellation.  When a flight plan 

has been activated, the pilot in com-
mand, upon canceling or completing 
the flight under the flight plan, shall 

notify an FAA Flight Service Station 
or ATC facility. 

[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34294, Aug. 18, 1989, as 
amended by Amdt. 91–259, 65 FR 3546, Jan. 21, 
2000] 

§ 91.171

VOR equipment check for IFR 

operations. 

(a) No person may operate a civil air-

craft under IFR using the VOR system 
of radio navigation unless the VOR 
equipment of that aircraft— 

(1) Is maintained, checked, and in-

spected under an approved procedure; 
or 

(2) Has been operationally checked 

within the preceding 30 days, and was 
found to be within the limits of the 
permissible indicated bearing error set 
forth in paragraph (b) or (c) of this sec-
tion. 

(b) Except as provided in paragraph 

(c) of this section, each person con-
ducting a VOR check under paragraph 
(a)(2) of this section shall— 

(1) Use, at the airport of intended de-

parture, an FAA-operated or approved 
test signal or a test signal radiated by 
a certificated and appropriately rated 
radio repair station or, outside the 
United States, a test signal operated or 
approved by an appropriate authority 
to check the VOR equipment (the max-
imum permissible indicated bearing 
error is plus or minus 4 degrees); or 

(2) Use, at the airport of intended de-

parture, a point on the airport surface 
designated as a VOR system check-
point by the Administrator, or, outside 
the United States, by an appropriate 
authority (the maximum permissible 
bearing error is plus or minus 4 de-
grees); 

(3) If neither a test signal nor a des-

ignated checkpoint on the surface is 
available, use an airborne checkpoint 
designated by the Administrator or, 
outside the United States, by an appro-
priate authority (the maximum per-
missible bearing error is plus or minus 
6 degrees); or 

(4) If no check signal or point is 

available, while in flight— 

(i) Select a VOR radial that lies 

along the centerline of an established 
VOR airway; 

(ii) Select a prominent ground point 

along the selected radial preferably 
more than 20 nautical miles from the 

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