706
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§§ 91.162–91.165
This free training is available on the
FAA’s Web site. Upon completion of
the training, each person will need to
print out a copy of the certificate of
training completion.
(c)
Inspection of certificate of training
completion. Each person who holds a
certificate for completing the Special
Awareness Training must present it for
inspection upon request from:
(1) An authorized representative of
the FAA;
(2) An authorized representative of
the National Transportation Safety
Board;
(3) Any Federal, State, or local law
enforcement officer; or
(4) An authorized representative of
the Transportation Security Adminis-
tration.
(d)
Emergency declared. The failure to
complete the Special Awareness Train-
ing course on flying in and around the
Washington, DC Metropolitan Area is
not a violation of this section if an
emergency is declared by the pilot, as
described under § 91.3(b), or there was a
failure of two-way radio communica-
tions when operating under IFR as de-
scribed under § 91.185.
(e)
Exceptions. The requirements of
this section do not apply if the flight is
being performed in an aircraft of an air
ambulance operator certificated to
conduct part 135 operations under this
chapter, the U.S. Armed Forces, or a
law enforcement agency.
[Doc. No. FAA–2006–25250, 73 FR 46803, Aug.
12, 2008]
§§ 91.162–91.165
[Reserved]
I
NSTRUMENT
F
LIGHT
R
ULES
§ 91.167
Fuel requirements for flight in
IFR conditions.
(a) No person may operate a civil air-
craft in IFR conditions unless it car-
ries enough fuel (considering weather
reports and forecasts and weather con-
ditions) to—
(1) Complete the flight to the first
airport of intended landing;
(2) Except as provided in paragraph
(b) of this section, fly from that airport
to the alternate airport; and
(3) Fly after that for 45 minutes at
normal cruising speed or, for heli-
copters, fly after that for 30 minutes at
normal cruising speed.
(b) Paragraph (a)(2) of this section
does not apply if:
(1) Part 97 of this chapter prescribes
a standard instrument approach proce-
dure to, or a special instrument ap-
proach procedure has been issued by
the Administrator to the operator for,
the first airport of intended landing;
and
(2) Appropriate weather reports or
weather forecasts, or a combination of
them, indicate the following:
(i)
For aircraft other than helicopters.
For at least 1 hour before and for 1
hour after the estimated time of ar-
rival, the ceiling will be at least 2,000
feet above the airport elevation and
the visibility will be at least 3 statute
miles.
(ii)
For helicopters. At the estimated
time of arrival and for 1 hour after the
estimated time of arrival, the ceiling
will be at least 1,000 feet above the air-
port elevation, or at least 400 feet
above the lowest applicable approach
minima, whichever is higher, and the
visibility will be at least 2 statute
miles.
[Doc. No. 98–4390, 65 FR 3546, Jan. 21, 2000]
§ 91.169
IFR flight plan: Information
required.
(a)
Information required. Unless other-
wise authorized by ATC, each person
filing an IFR flight plan must include
in it the following information:
(1) Information required under § 91.153
(a) of this part;
(2) Except as provided in paragraph
(b) of this section, an alternate airport.
(b) Paragraph (a)(2) of this section
does not apply if :
(1) Part 97 of this chapter prescribes
a standard instrument approach proce-
dure to, or a special instrument ap-
proach procedure has been issued by
the Administrator to the operator for,
the first airport of intended landing;
and
(2) Appropriate weather reports or
weather forecasts, or a combination of
them, indicate the following:
(i)
For aircraft other than helicopters.
For at least 1 hour before and for 1
hour after the estimated time of ar-
rival, the ceiling will be at least 2,000
feet above the airport elevation and
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707
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
§ 91.171
the visibility will be at least 3 statute
miles.
(ii)
For helicopters. At the estimated
time of arrival and for 1 hour after the
estimated time of arrival, the ceiling
will be at least 1,000 feet above the air-
port elevation, or at least 400 feet
above the lowest applicable approach
minima, whichever is higher, and the
visibility will be at least 2 statute
miles.
(c)
IFR alternate airport weather mini-
ma. Unless otherwise authorized by the
Administrator, no person may include
an alternate airport in an IFR flight
plan unless appropriate weather re-
ports or weather forecasts, or a com-
bination of them, indicate that, at the
estimated time of arrival at the alter-
nate airport, the ceiling and visibility
at that airport will be at or above the
following weather minima:
(1) If an instrument approach proce-
dure has been published in part 97 of
this chapter, or a special instrument
approach procedure has been issued by
the Administrator to the operator, for
that airport, the following minima:
(i)
For aircraft other than helicopters:
The alternate airport minima specified
in that procedure, or if none are speci-
fied the following standard approach
minima:
(A)
For a precision approach procedure.
Ceiling 600 feet and visibility 2 statute
miles.
(B)
For a nonprecision approach proce-
dure. Ceiling 800 feet and visibility 2
statute miles.
(ii)
For helicopters: Ceiling 200 feet
above the minimum for the approach
to be flown, and visibility at least 1
statute mile but never less than the
minimum visibility for the approach to
be flown, and
(2) If no instrument approach proce-
dure has been published in part 97 of
this chapter and no special instrument
approach procedure has been issued by
the Administrator to the operator, for
the alternate airport, the ceiling and
visibility minima are those allowing
descent from the MEA, approach, and
landing under basic VFR.
(d)
Cancellation. When a flight plan
has been activated, the pilot in com-
mand, upon canceling or completing
the flight under the flight plan, shall
notify an FAA Flight Service Station
or ATC facility.
[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34294, Aug. 18, 1989, as
amended by Amdt. 91–259, 65 FR 3546, Jan. 21,
2000]
§ 91.171
VOR equipment check for IFR
operations.
(a) No person may operate a civil air-
craft under IFR using the VOR system
of radio navigation unless the VOR
equipment of that aircraft—
(1) Is maintained, checked, and in-
spected under an approved procedure;
or
(2) Has been operationally checked
within the preceding 30 days, and was
found to be within the limits of the
permissible indicated bearing error set
forth in paragraph (b) or (c) of this sec-
tion.
(b) Except as provided in paragraph
(c) of this section, each person con-
ducting a VOR check under paragraph
(a)(2) of this section shall—
(1) Use, at the airport of intended de-
parture, an FAA-operated or approved
test signal or a test signal radiated by
a certificated and appropriately rated
radio repair station or, outside the
United States, a test signal operated or
approved by an appropriate authority
to check the VOR equipment (the max-
imum permissible indicated bearing
error is plus or minus 4 degrees); or
(2) Use, at the airport of intended de-
parture, a point on the airport surface
designated as a VOR system check-
point by the Administrator, or, outside
the United States, by an appropriate
authority (the maximum permissible
bearing error is plus or minus 4 de-
grees);
(3) If neither a test signal nor a des-
ignated checkpoint on the surface is
available, use an airborne checkpoint
designated by the Administrator or,
outside the United States, by an appro-
priate authority (the maximum per-
missible bearing error is plus or minus
6 degrees); or
(4) If no check signal or point is
available, while in flight—
(i) Select a VOR radial that lies
along the centerline of an established
VOR airway;
(ii) Select a prominent ground point
along the selected radial preferably
more than 20 nautical miles from the
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