718
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 91.193
§ 91.193
Certificate of authorization
for certain Category II operations.
The Administrator may issue a cer-
tificate of authorization authorizing
deviations from the requirements of
§§ 91.189, 91.191, and 91.205(f) for the op-
eration of small aircraft identified as
Category A aircraft in § 97.3 of this
chapter in Category II operations if the
Administrator finds that the proposed
operation can be safely conducted
under the terms of the certificate.
Such authorization does not permit op-
eration of the aircraft carrying persons
or property for compensation or hire.
§§ 91.195–91.199
[Reserved]
Subpart C—Equipment, Instru-
ment, and Certificate Re-
quirements
S
OURCE
: Docket No. 18334, 54 FR 34304, Aug.
18, 1989, unless otherwise noted.
§ 91.201
[Reserved]
§ 91.203
Civil aircraft: Certifications
required.
(a) Except as provided in § 91.715, no
person may operate a civil aircraft un-
less it has within it the following:
(1) An appropriate and current air-
worthiness certificate. Each U.S. air-
worthiness certificate used to comply
with this subparagraph (except a spe-
cial flight permit, a copy of the appli-
cable operations specifications issued
under § 21.197(c) of this chapter, appro-
priate sections of the air carrier man-
ual required by parts 121 and 135 of this
chapter containing that portion of the
operations specifications issued under
§ 21.197(c), or an authorization under
§ 91.611) must have on it the registra-
tion number assigned to the aircraft
under part 47 or 48 of this chapter.
However, the airworthiness certificate
need not have on it an assigned special
identification number before 10 days
after that number is first affixed to the
aircraft. A revised airworthiness cer-
tificate having on it an assigned spe-
cial identification number, that has
been affixed to an aircraft, may only be
obtained upon application to the re-
sponsible Flight Standards office.
(2) An effective U.S. registration cer-
tificate issued to its owner or, for oper-
ation within the United States, the
second copy of the Aircraft registra-
tion Application as provided for in
§ 47.31(c), a Certificate of Aircraft reg-
istration as provided in part 48, or a
registration certification issued under
the laws of a foreign country.
(b) No person may operate a civil air-
craft unless the airworthiness certifi-
cate required by paragraph (a) of this
section or a special flight authoriza-
tion issued under § 91.715 is displayed at
the cabin or cockpit entrance so that it
is legible to passengers or crew.
(c) No person may operate an aircraft
with a fuel tank installed within the
passenger compartment or a baggage
compartment unless the installation
was accomplished pursuant to part 43
of this chapter, and a copy of FAA
Form 337 authorizing that installation
is on board the aircraft.
(d) No person may operate a civil air-
plane (domestic or foreign) into or out
of an airport in the United States un-
less it complies with the fuel venting
and exhaust emissions requirements of
part 34 of this chapter.
[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34292, Aug. 18, 1989, as
amended by Amdt. 91–218, 55 FR 32861, Aug.
10, 1990; Amdt. 91–318, 75 FR 41983, July 20,
2010; Amdt. 91–338, 80 FR 78648, Dec. 16, 2015;
Docket FAA–2018–0119, Amdt. 91–350, 83 FR
9171, Mar. 5, 2018; Docket No. FAA–2022–1355,
Amdt. No. 91–366, 87 FR 75846, Dec. 9, 2022]
§ 91.205
Powered civil aircraft with
standard category U.S. airworthi-
ness certificates: Instrument and
equipment requirements.
(a)
General. Except as provided in
paragraphs (c)(3) and (e) of this section,
no person may operate a powered civil
aircraft with a standard category U.S.
airworthiness certificate in any oper-
ation described in paragraphs (b)
through (f) of this section unless that
aircraft contains the instruments and
equipment specified in those para-
graphs (or FAA-approved equivalents)
for that type of operation, and those
instruments and items of equipment
are in operable condition.
(b)
Visual-flight rules (day). For VFR
flight during the day, the following in-
struments and equipment are required:
(1) Airspeed indicator.
(2) Altimeter.
(3) Magnetic direction indicator.
(4) Tachometer for each engine.
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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
§ 91.205
(5) Oil pressure gauge for each engine
using pressure system.
(6) Temperature gauge for each liq-
uid-cooled engine.
(7) Oil temperature gauge for each
air-cooled engine.
(8) Manifold pressure gauge for each
altitude engine.
(9) Fuel gauge indicating the quan-
tity of fuel in each tank.
(10) Landing gear position indicator,
if the aircraft has a retractable landing
gear.
(11) For small civil airplanes certifi-
cated after March 11, 1996, in accord-
ance with part 23 of this chapter, an
approved aviation red or aviation white
anticollision light system. In the event
of failure of any light of the anti-
collision light system, operation of the
aircraft may continue to a location
where repairs or replacement can be
made.
(12) If the aircraft is operated for hire
over water and beyond power-off glid-
ing distance from shore, approved flo-
tation gear readily available to each
occupant and, unless the aircraft is op-
erating under part 121 of this sub-
chapter, at least one pyrotechnic sig-
naling device. As used in this section,
‘‘shore’’ means that area of the land
adjacent to the water which is above
the high water mark and excludes land
areas which are intermittently under
water.
(13) An approved safety belt with an
approved metal-to-metal latching de-
vice, or other approved restraint sys-
tem for each occupant 2 years of age or
older.
(14) For small civil airplanes manu-
factured after July 18, 1978, an ap-
proved shoulder harness or restraint
system for each front seat. For small
civil airplanes manufactured after De-
cember 12, 1986, an approved shoulder
harness or restraint system for all
seats. Shoulder harnesses installed at
flightcrew stations must permit the
flightcrew member, when seated and
with the safety belt and shoulder har-
ness fastened, to perform all functions
necessary for flight operations. For
purposes of this paragraph—
(i) The date of manufacture of an air-
plane is the date the inspection accept-
ance records reflect that the airplane is
complete and meets the FAA-approved
type design data; and
(ii) A front seat is a seat located at a
flightcrew member station or any seat
located alongside such a seat.
(15) An emergency locator trans-
mitter, if required by § 91.207.
(16) [Reserved]
(17) For rotorcraft manufactured
after September 16, 1992, a shoulder
harness for each seat that meets the
requirements of § 27.2 or § 29.2 of this
chapter in effect on September 16, 1991.
(c)
Visual flight rules (night). For VFR
flight at night, the following instru-
ments and equipment are required:
(1) Instruments and equipment speci-
fied in paragraph (b) of this section.
(2) Approved position lights.
(3) An approved aviation red or avia-
tion white anticollision light system
on all U.S.-registered civil aircraft.
Anticollision light systems initially in-
stalled after August 11, 1971, on aircraft
for which a type certificate was issued
or applied for before August 11, 1971,
must at least meet the anticollision
light standards of part 23, 25, 27, or 29
of this chapter, as applicable, that were
in effect on August 10, 1971, except that
the color may be either aviation red or
aviation white. In the event of failure
of any light of the anticollision light
system, operations with the aircraft
may be continued to a stop where re-
pairs or replacement can be made.
(4) If the aircraft is operated for hire,
one electric landing light.
(5) An adequate source of electrical
energy for all installed electrical and
radio equipment.
(6) One spare set of fuses, or three
spare fuses of each kind required, that
are accessible to the pilot in flight.
(d)
Instrument flight rules. For IFR
flight, the following instruments and
equipment are required:
(1) Instruments and equipment speci-
fied in paragraph (b) of this section,
and, for night flight, instruments and
equipment specified in paragraph (c) of
this section.
(2) Two-way radio communication
and navigation equipment suitable for
the route to be flown.
(3) Gyroscopic rate-of-turn indicator,
except on the following aircraft:
(i) Airplanes with a third attitude in-
strument system usable through flight
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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 91.207
attitudes of 360 degrees of pitch and
roll and installed in accordance with
the instrument requirements pre-
scribed in § 121.305(j) of this chapter;
and
(ii) Rotorcraft with a third attitude
instrument system usable through
flight attitudes of
±
80 degrees of pitch
and
±
120 degrees of roll and installed in
accordance with § 29.1303(g) of this
chapter.
(4) Slip-skid indicator.
(5) Sensitive altimeter adjustable for
barometric pressure.
(6) A clock displaying hours, min-
utes, and seconds with a sweep-second
pointer or digital presentation.
(7) Generator or alternator of ade-
quate capacity.
(8) Gyroscopic pitch and bank indi-
cator (artificial horizon).
(9) Gyroscopic direction indicator (di-
rectional gyro or equivalent).
(e)
Flight at and above 24,000 feet MSL
(FL 240). If VOR navigation equipment
is required under paragraph (d)(2) of
this section, no person may operate a
U.S.-registered civil aircraft within the
50 states and the District of Columbia
at or above FL 240 unless that aircraft
is equipped with approved DME or a
suitable RNAV system. When the DME
or RNAV system required by this para-
graph fails at and above FL 240, the
pilot in command of the aircraft must
notify ATC immediately, and then may
continue operations at and above FL
240 to the next airport of intended
landing where repairs or replacement
of the equipment can be made.
(f)
Category II operations. The require-
ments for Category II operations are
the instruments and equipment speci-
fied in—
(1) Paragraph (d) of this section; and
(2) Appendix A to this part.
(g)
Category III operations. The instru-
ments and equipment required for Cat-
egory III operations are specified in
paragraph (d) of this section.
(h)
Night vision goggle operations. For
night vision goggle operations, the fol-
lowing instruments and equipment
must be installed in the aircraft, func-
tioning in a normal manner, and ap-
proved for use by the FAA:
(1) Instruments and equipment speci-
fied in paragraph (b) of this section, in-
struments and equipment specified in
paragraph (c) of this section;
(2) Night vision goggles;
(3) Interior and exterior aircraft
lighting system required for night vi-
sion goggle operations;
(4) Two-way radio communications
system;
(5) Gyroscopic pitch and bank indi-
cator (artificial horizon);
(6) Generator or alternator of ade-
quate capacity for the required instru-
ments and equipment; and
(7) Radar altimeter.
(i)
Exclusions. Paragraphs (f) and (g)
of this section do not apply to oper-
ations conducted by a holder of a cer-
tificate issued under part 121 or part
135 of this chapter.
[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34292, Aug. 18, 1989, as
amended by Amdt. 91–220, 55 FR 43310, Oct.
26, 1990; Amdt. 91–223, 56 FR 41052, Aug. 16,
1991; Amdt. 91–231, 57 FR 42672, Sept. 15, 1992;
Amdt. 91–248, 61 FR 5171, Feb. 9, 1996; Amdt.
91–251, 61 FR 34560, July 2, 1996; Amdt. 91–285,
69 FR 77599, Dec. 27, 2004; Amdt. 91–296, 72 FR
31679, June 7, 2007; Amdt. 91–309, 74 FR 42563,
Aug. 21, 2009; Docket FAA–2015–1621, Amdt.
91–346, 81 FR 96700, Dec. 30, 2016]
§ 91.207
Emergency locator transmit-
ters.
(a) Except as provided in paragraphs
(e) and (f) of this section, no person
may operate a U.S.-registered civil air-
plane unless—
(1) There is attached to the airplane
an approved automatic type emergency
locator transmitter that is in operable
condition for the following operations,
except that after June 21, 1995, an
emergency locator transmitter that
meets the requirements of TSO-C91
may not be used for new installations:
(i) Those operations governed by the
supplemental air carrier and commer-
cial operator rules of parts 121 and 125;
(ii) Charter flights governed by the
domestic and flag air carrier rules of
part 121 of this chapter; and
(iii) Operations governed by part 135
of this chapter; or
(2) For operations other than those
specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this sec-
tion, there must be attached to the air-
plane an approved personal type or an
approved automatic type emergency
locator transmitter that is in operable
condition, except that after June 21,
1995, an emergency locator transmitter
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