720
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 91.207
attitudes of 360 degrees of pitch and
roll and installed in accordance with
the instrument requirements pre-
scribed in § 121.305(j) of this chapter;
and
(ii) Rotorcraft with a third attitude
instrument system usable through
flight attitudes of
±
80 degrees of pitch
and
±
120 degrees of roll and installed in
accordance with § 29.1303(g) of this
chapter.
(4) Slip-skid indicator.
(5) Sensitive altimeter adjustable for
barometric pressure.
(6) A clock displaying hours, min-
utes, and seconds with a sweep-second
pointer or digital presentation.
(7) Generator or alternator of ade-
quate capacity.
(8) Gyroscopic pitch and bank indi-
cator (artificial horizon).
(9) Gyroscopic direction indicator (di-
rectional gyro or equivalent).
(e)
Flight at and above 24,000 feet MSL
(FL 240). If VOR navigation equipment
is required under paragraph (d)(2) of
this section, no person may operate a
U.S.-registered civil aircraft within the
50 states and the District of Columbia
at or above FL 240 unless that aircraft
is equipped with approved DME or a
suitable RNAV system. When the DME
or RNAV system required by this para-
graph fails at and above FL 240, the
pilot in command of the aircraft must
notify ATC immediately, and then may
continue operations at and above FL
240 to the next airport of intended
landing where repairs or replacement
of the equipment can be made.
(f)
Category II operations. The require-
ments for Category II operations are
the instruments and equipment speci-
fied in—
(1) Paragraph (d) of this section; and
(2) Appendix A to this part.
(g)
Category III operations. The instru-
ments and equipment required for Cat-
egory III operations are specified in
paragraph (d) of this section.
(h)
Night vision goggle operations. For
night vision goggle operations, the fol-
lowing instruments and equipment
must be installed in the aircraft, func-
tioning in a normal manner, and ap-
proved for use by the FAA:
(1) Instruments and equipment speci-
fied in paragraph (b) of this section, in-
struments and equipment specified in
paragraph (c) of this section;
(2) Night vision goggles;
(3) Interior and exterior aircraft
lighting system required for night vi-
sion goggle operations;
(4) Two-way radio communications
system;
(5) Gyroscopic pitch and bank indi-
cator (artificial horizon);
(6) Generator or alternator of ade-
quate capacity for the required instru-
ments and equipment; and
(7) Radar altimeter.
(i)
Exclusions. Paragraphs (f) and (g)
of this section do not apply to oper-
ations conducted by a holder of a cer-
tificate issued under part 121 or part
135 of this chapter.
[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34292, Aug. 18, 1989, as
amended by Amdt. 91–220, 55 FR 43310, Oct.
26, 1990; Amdt. 91–223, 56 FR 41052, Aug. 16,
1991; Amdt. 91–231, 57 FR 42672, Sept. 15, 1992;
Amdt. 91–248, 61 FR 5171, Feb. 9, 1996; Amdt.
91–251, 61 FR 34560, July 2, 1996; Amdt. 91–285,
69 FR 77599, Dec. 27, 2004; Amdt. 91–296, 72 FR
31679, June 7, 2007; Amdt. 91–309, 74 FR 42563,
Aug. 21, 2009; Docket FAA–2015–1621, Amdt.
91–346, 81 FR 96700, Dec. 30, 2016]
§ 91.207
Emergency locator transmit-
ters.
(a) Except as provided in paragraphs
(e) and (f) of this section, no person
may operate a U.S.-registered civil air-
plane unless—
(1) There is attached to the airplane
an approved automatic type emergency
locator transmitter that is in operable
condition for the following operations,
except that after June 21, 1995, an
emergency locator transmitter that
meets the requirements of TSO-C91
may not be used for new installations:
(i) Those operations governed by the
supplemental air carrier and commer-
cial operator rules of parts 121 and 125;
(ii) Charter flights governed by the
domestic and flag air carrier rules of
part 121 of this chapter; and
(iii) Operations governed by part 135
of this chapter; or
(2) For operations other than those
specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this sec-
tion, there must be attached to the air-
plane an approved personal type or an
approved automatic type emergency
locator transmitter that is in operable
condition, except that after June 21,
1995, an emergency locator transmitter
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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
§ 91.207
that meets the requirements of TSO-
C91 may not be used for new installa-
tions.
(b) Each emergency locator trans-
mitter required by paragraph (a) of this
section must be attached to the air-
plane in such a manner that the prob-
ability of damage to the transmitter in
the event of crash impact is minimized.
Fixed and deployable automatic type
transmitters must be attached to the
airplane as far aft as practicable.
(c) Batteries used in the emergency
locator transmitters required by para-
graphs (a) and (b) of this section must
be replaced (or recharged, if the bat-
teries are rechargeable)—
(1) When the transmitter has been in
use for more than 1 cumulative hour;
or
(2) When 50 percent of their useful
life (or, for rechargeable batteries, 50
percent of their useful life of charge)
has expired, as established by the
transmitter manufacturer under its ap-
proval.
The new expiration date for replacing
(or recharging) the battery must be
legibly marked on the outside of the
transmitter and entered in the aircraft
maintenance record. Paragraph (c)(2)
of this section does not apply to bat-
teries (such as water-activated bat-
teries) that are essentially unaffected
during probable storage intervals.
(d) Each emergency locator trans-
mitter required by paragraph (a) of this
section must be inspected within 12
calendar months after the last inspec-
tion for—
(1) Proper installation;
(2) Battery corrosion;
(3) Operation of the controls and
crash sensor; and
(4) The presence of a sufficient signal
radiated from its antenna.
(e) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) of
this section, a person may—
(1) Ferry a newly acquired airplane
from the place where possession of it
was taken to a place where the emer-
gency locator transmitter is to be in-
stalled; and
(2) Ferry an airplane with an inoper-
ative emergency locator transmitter
from a place where repairs or replace-
ments cannot be made to a place where
they can be made.
No person other than required crew-
members may be carried aboard an air-
plane being ferried under paragraph (e)
of this section.
(f) Paragraph (a) of this section does
not apply to—
(1) Before January 1, 2004, turbojet-
powered aircraft;
(2) Aircraft while engaged in sched-
uled flights by scheduled air carriers;
(3) Aircraft while engaged in training
operations conducted entirely within a
50-nautical mile radius of the airport
from which such local flight operations
began;
(4) Aircraft while engaged in flight
operations incident to design and test-
ing;
(5) New aircraft while engaged in
flight operations incident to their man-
ufacture, preparation, and delivery;
(6) Aircraft while engaged in flight
operations incident to the aerial appli-
cation of chemicals and other sub-
stances for agricultural purposes;
(7) Aircraft certificated by the Ad-
ministrator for research and develop-
ment purposes;
(8) Aircraft while used for showing
compliance with regulations, crew
training, exhibition, air racing, or mar-
ket surveys;
(9) Aircraft equipped to carry not
more than one person.
(10) An aircraft during any period for
which the transmitter has been tempo-
rarily removed for inspection, repair,
modification, or replacement, subject
to the following:
(i) No person may operate the air-
craft unless the aircraft records con-
tain an entry which includes the date
of initial removal, the make, model, se-
rial number, and reason for removing
the transmitter, and a placard located
in view of the pilot to show ‘‘ELT not
installed.’’
(ii) No person may operate the air-
craft more than 90 days after the ELT
is initially removed from the aircraft;
and
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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 91.209
(11) On and after January 1, 2004, air-
craft with a maximum payload capac-
ity of more than 18,000 pounds when
used in air transportation.
[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34304, Aug. 18, 1989, as
amended by Amdt. 91–242, 59 FR 32057, June
21, 1994; 59 FR 34578, July 6, 1994; Amdt. 91–
265, 65 FR 81319, Dec. 22, 2000; 66 FR 16316,
Mar. 23, 2001]
§ 91.209
Aircraft lights.
No person may:
(a) During the period from sunset to
sunrise (or, in Alaska, during the pe-
riod a prominent unlighted object can-
not be seen from a distance of 3 statute
miles or the sun is more than 6 degrees
below the horizon)—
(1) Operate an aircraft unless it has
lighted position lights;
(2) Park or move an aircraft in, or in
dangerous proximity to, a night flight
operations area of an airport unless the
aircraft—
(i) Is clearly illuminated;
(ii) Has lighted position lights; or
(iii) is in an area that is marked by
obstruction lights;
(3) Anchor an aircraft unless the air-
craft—
(i) Has lighted anchor lights; or
(ii) Is in an area where anchor lights
are not required on vessels; or
(b) Operate an aircraft that is
equipped with an anticollision light
system, unless it has lighted anti-
collision lights. However, the anti-
collision lights need not be lighted
when the pilot-in-command determines
that, because of operating conditions,
it would be in the interest of safety to
turn the lights off.
[Doc. No. 27806, 61 FR 5171, Feb. 9, 1996]
§ 91.211
Supplemental oxygen.
(a)
General. No person may operate a
civil aircraft of U.S. registry—
(1) At cabin pressure altitudes above
12,500 feet (MSL) up to and including
14,000 feet (MSL) unless the required
minimum flight crew is provided with
and uses supplemental oxygen for that
part of the flight at those altitudes
that is of more than 30 minutes dura-
tion;
(2) At cabin pressure altitudes above
14,000 feet (MSL) unless the required
minimum flight crew is provided with
and uses supplemental oxygen during
the entire flight time at those alti-
tudes; and
(3) At cabin pressure altitudes above
15,000 feet (MSL) unless each occupant
of the aircraft is provided with supple-
mental oxygen.
(b)
Pressurized cabin aircraft. (1) No
person may operate a civil aircraft of
U.S. registry with a pressurized cabin—
(i) At flight altitudes above flight
level 250 unless at least a 10-minute
supply of supplemental oxygen, in addi-
tion to any oxygen required to satisfy
paragraph (a) of this section, is avail-
able for each occupant of the aircraft
for use in the event that a descent is
necessitated by loss of cabin pressur-
ization; and
(ii) At flight altitudes above flight
level 350 unless one pilot at the con-
trols of the airplane is wearing and
using an oxygen mask that is secured
and sealed and that either supplies ox-
ygen at all times or automatically sup-
plies oxygen whenever the cabin pres-
sure altitude of the airplane exceeds
14,000 feet (MSL), except that the one
pilot need not wear and use an oxygen
mask while at or below flight level 410
if there are two pilots at the controls
and each pilot has a quick-donning
type of oxygen mask that can be placed
on the face with one hand from the
ready position within 5 seconds, sup-
plying oxygen and properly secured and
sealed.
(2) Notwithstanding paragraph
(b)(1)(ii) of this section, if for any rea-
son at any time it is necessary for one
pilot to leave the controls of the air-
craft when operating at flight altitudes
above flight level 350, the remaining
pilot at the controls shall put on and
use an oxygen mask until the other
pilot has returned to that crew-
member’s station.
§ 91.213
Inoperative instruments and
equipment.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph
(d) of this section, no person may take
off an aircraft with inoperative instru-
ments or equipment installed unless
the following conditions are met:
(1) An approved Minimum Equipment
List exists for that aircraft.
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