title-14-part-91-sec91-223

726

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)

§ 91.221

(4) Be tested without special equip-

ment to determine proper operation of
the alerting signals; and

(5) Accept necessary barometric pres-

sure settings if the system or device
operates on barometric pressure. How-
ever, for operation below 3,000 feet
AGL, the system or device need only
provide one signal, either visual or
aural, to comply with this paragraph.
A radio altimeter may be included to
provide the signal if the operator has
an approved procedure for its use to de-
termine DA/DH or MDA, as appro-
priate.

tion applies must establish and assign
procedures for the use of the altitude
alerting system or device and each
flight crewmember must comply with
those procedures assigned to him.

(d) Paragraph (a) of this section does

not apply to any operation of an air-
plane that has an experimental certifi-
cate or to the operation of any airplane
for the following purposes:

(1) Ferrying a newly acquired air-

plane from the place where possession
of it was taken to a place where the al-
titude alerting system or device is to
be installed.

(2) Continuing a flight as originally

planned, if the altitude alerting system
or device becomes inoperative after the
airplane has taken off; however, the
flight may not depart from a place
where repair or replacement can be
made.

(3) Ferrying an airplane with any in-

operative altitude alerting system or
device from a place where repairs or re-
placements cannot be made to a place
where it can be made.

(4) Conducting an airworthiness

flight test of the airplane.

(5) Ferrying an airplane to a place

outside the United States for the pur-
pose of registering it in a foreign coun-
try.

(6) Conducting a sales demonstration

of the operation of the airplane.

(7) Training foreign flight crews in

the operation of the airplane before
ferrying it to a place outside the
United States for the purpose of reg-
istering it in a foreign country.

[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34304, Aug. 18, 1989, as
amended by Amdt. 91–296, 72 FR 31679, June
7, 2007]

§ 91.221

Traffic alert and collision

avoidance system equipment and
use.

(a)

All airspace: U.S.-registered civil

aircraft. Any traffic alert and collision
avoidance system installed in a U.S.-
registered civil aircraft must be ap-
proved by the Administrator.

(b)

Traffic alert and collision avoidance

system, operation required. Each person
operating an aircraft equipped with an
operable traffic alert and collision
avoidance system shall have that sys-
tem on and operating.

§ 91.223

Terrain awareness and warn-

ing system.

(a)

Airplanes manufactured after March

29, 2002. Except as provided in para-
graph (d) of this section, no person may
operate a turbine-powered U.S.-reg-
istered airplane configured with six or
more passenger seats, excluding any
pilot seat, unless that airplane is
equipped with an approved terrain
awareness and warning system that as
a minimum meets the requirements for
Class B equipment in Technical Stand-
ard Order (TSO)–C151.

(b)

Airplanes manufactured on or before

March 29, 2002. Except as provided in
paragraph (d) of this section, no person
may operate a turbine-powered U.S.-
registered airplane configured with six
or more passenger seats, excluding any
pilot seat, after March 29, 2005, unless
that airplane is equipped with an ap-
proved terrain awareness and warning
system that as a minimum meets the
requirements for Class B equipment in
Technical Standard Order (TSO)–C151.

(Approved by the Office of Management and
Budget under control number 2120–0631)

(c)

Airplane Flight Manual. The Air-

plane Flight Manual shall contain ap-
propriate procedures for—

(1) The use of the terrain awareness

and warning system; and

(2) Proper flight crew reaction in re-

sponse to the terrain awareness and
warning system audio and visual warn-
ings.

(d)

Exceptions. Paragraphs (a) and (b)

of this section do not apply to—

(1) Parachuting operations when con-

ducted entirely within a 50 nautical
mile radius of the airport from which
such local flight operations began.

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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT

§ 91.225

(2) Firefighting operations.
(3) Flight operations when incident

to the aerial application of chemicals
and other substances.

[Doc. No. 29312, 65 FR 16755, Mar. 29, 2000]

§ 91.225

Automatic Dependent Surveil-

lance-Broadcast (ADS–B) Out equip-
ment and use.

(a) After January 1, 2020, unless oth-

erwise authorized by ATC, no person
may operate an aircraft in Class A air-
space unless the aircraft has equipment
installed that—

(1) Meets the performance require-

ments in–

(i) TSO–C166b and Section 2 of RTCA

DO–260B (as referenced in TSO–C166b);
or

(ii) TSO–C166c and Section 2 of RTCA

DO–260C as modified by DO–260C—
Change 1 (as referenced in TSO–C166c);
and

(2) Meets the requirements of § 91.227.
(b) After January 1, 2020, except as

prohibited in paragraph (h)(2) of this
section or unless otherwise authorized
by ATC, no person may operate an air-
craft below 18,000 feet MSL and in air-
space described in paragraph (d) of this
section unless the aircraft has equip-
ment installed that—

(1) Meets the performance require-

ments in—

(i) TSO–C166b and Section 2 of RTCA

DO–260B (as referenced in TSO–C166b);

(ii) TSO–C166c and Section 2 of RTCA

DO–260C as modified by DO–260C—
Change 1 (as referenced in TSO–C166c);

(iii) TSO–C154c and Section 2 of

RTCA DO–282B (as referenced in TSO–
C154c); or

(iv) TSO–C154d and Section 2 of

RTCA DO–282C (as referenced in TSO–
C154d);

(2) Meets the requirements of § 91.227.
(c) Operators with equipment in-

stalled with an approved deviation
under § 21.618 of this chapter also are in
compliance with this section.

(d) After January 1, 2020, except as

prohibited in paragraph (i)(2) of this
section or unless otherwise authorized
by ATC, no person may operate an air-
craft in the following airspace unless
the aircraft has equipment installed
that meets the requirements in para-
graph (b) of this section:

(1) Class B and Class C airspace areas;

(2) Except as provided for in para-

graph (e) of this section, within 30 nau-
tical miles of an airport listed in ap-
pendix D, section 1 to this part from
the surface upward to 10,000 feet MSL;

(3) Above the ceiling and within the

lateral boundaries of a Class B or Class
C airspace area designated for an air-
port upward to 10,000 feet MSL;

(4) Except as provided in paragraph

(e) of this section, Class E airspace
within the 48 contiguous states and the
District of Columbia at and above
10,000 feet MSL, excluding the airspace
at and below 2,500 feet above the sur-
face; and

(5) Class E airspace at and above 3,000

feet MSL over the Gulf of Mexico from
the coastline of the United States out
to 12 nautical miles.

(e) The requirements of paragraph (b)

of this section do not apply to any air-
craft that was not originally certifi-
cated with an engine-driven electrical
system, or that has not subsequently
been certified with such a system in-
stalled, including balloons and gliders.
These aircraft may conduct operations
without ADS–B Out in the airspace
specified in paragraph (d)(4) of this sec-
tion. These aircraft may also conduct
operations in the airspace specified in
paragraph (d)(2) of this section if those
operations are conducted—

(1) Outside any Class B or Class C air-

space area; and

(2) Below the altitude of the ceiling

of a Class B or Class C airspace area
designated for an airport, or 10,000 feet
MSL, whichever is lower.

(f) Except as prohibited in paragraph

(i)(2) of this section, each person oper-
ating an aircraft equipped with ADS–B
Out must operate this equipment in
the transmit mode at all times unless—

(1) Otherwise authorized by the FAA

when the aircraft is performing a sen-
sitive government mission for national
defense, homeland security, intel-
ligence or law enforcement purposes
and transmitting would compromise
the operations security of the mission
or pose a safety risk to the aircraft,
crew, or people and property in the air
or on the ground; or

(2) Otherwise directed by ATC when

transmitting would jeopardize the safe
execution of air traffic control func-
tions.