729
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
§ 91.227
Broadcast (TIS–B), Section 2, Equip-
ment Performance Requirements and
Test Procedures, December 17, 2020.
(iii) RTCA DO–260C, Minimum Oper-
ational Performance Standards for 1090
MHz Extended Squitter Automatic De-
pendent Surveillance—Broadcast
(ADS–B) and Traffic Information Serv-
ices—Broadcast (TIS–B), Change 1,
January 25, 2022.
(iv) RTCA DO–282B, Minimum Oper-
ational Performance Standards for
Universal Access Transceiver (UAT)
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-
Broadcast (ADS–B), Section 2, Equip-
ment Performance Requirements and
Test Procedures, December 2, 2009.
(v) RTCA DO–282C, Minimum Oper-
ational Performance Standards
(MOPS) for Universal Access Trans-
ceiver (UAT) Automatic Dependent
Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS–B), Sec-
tion 2, Equipment Performance Re-
quirements and Test Procedures, June
23, 2022.
[Doc. No. FAA–2007–29305, 75 FR 30193, May
28, 2010; Amdt. 91–314–A, 75 FR 37712, June 30,
2010, as amended at Amdt. 91–316, 75 FR 37712,
June 30, 2010; Amdt. 91–336, 80 FR 6900, Feb.
9, 2015; Amdt. 91–336A, 80 FR 11537, Mar. 4,
2015; Amdt. 91–355, 84 FR 34287, July 18, 2019;
Amdt. No. 91–361, 86 FR 4513, Jan. 15, 2021;
Docket No. FAA–2023–1836; Amdt. No. 91–371,
88 FR 71476, Oct. 17, 2023]
§ 91.227
Automatic Dependent Surveil-
lance-Broadcast (ADS–B) Out equip-
ment performance requirements.
(a)
Definitions. For the purposes of
this section:
ADS–B Out is a function of an air-
craft’s onboard avionics that periodi-
cally broadcasts the aircraft’s state
vector (3-dimensional position and 3-di-
mensional velocity) and other required
information as described in this sec-
tion.
Navigation Accuracy Category for Posi-
tion (NAC
P
) specifies the accuracy of a
reported aircraft’s position.
Navigation Accuracy Category for Ve-
locity (NAC
V
) specifies the accuracy of a
reported aircraft’s velocity.
Navigation Integrity Category (NIC)
specifies an integrity containment ra-
dius around an aircraft’s reported posi-
tion.
Position Source refers to the equip-
ment installed onboard an aircraft used
to process and provide aircraft position
(for example, latitude, longitude, and
velocity) information.
Source Integrity Level (SIL) indicates
the probability of the reported hori-
zontal position exceeding the contain-
ment radius defined by the NIC on a
per sample or per hour basis.
System Design Assurance (SDA) indi-
cates the probability of an aircraft
malfunction causing false or mis-
leading information to be transmitted.
Total latency is the total time be-
tween when the position is measured
and when the position is transmitted
by the aircraft.
Uncompensated latency is the time for
which the aircraft does not compensate
for latency.
(b)
1090 MHz ES and UAT Broadcast
Links and Power Requirements—
(1) Aircraft operating in Class A air-
space must have equipment installed
that meets the antenna and power out-
put requirements of Class A1S, A1, A2,
A3, B1S, or B1 equipment as defined in
TSO–C166b and Section 2 of RTCA DO–
260B (as referenced in TSO–C166b), or
TSO–C166c and Section 2 of RTCA DO–
260C as modified by DO–260C—Change 1
(as referenced in TSO–C166c).
(2) Aircraft operating in airspace des-
ignated for ADS–B Out, but outside of
Class A airspace, must have equipment
installed that meets the antenna and
output power requirements of either:
(i) Class A1S, A1, A2, A3, B1S, or B1
as defined in TSO–C166b and Section 2
of RTCA DO–260B (as referenced in
TSO–C166b) or TSO–C166c and Section 2
of RTCA DO–260C as modified by DO–
260C—Change 1 (as referenced in TSO–
C166c); or
(ii) Class A1S, A1H, A2, A3, B1S, or B1
equipment as defined in TSO–C154c and
Section 2 of RTCA DO–282B (as ref-
erenced in TSO–C154c), or TSO–C154d
and Section 2 of RTCA DO–282C (as ref-
erenced in TSO–C154d).
(c)
ADS–B Out Performance Require-
ments for NAC
P,
NAC
V
, NIC, SDA, and
SIL—
(1) For aircraft broadcasting ADS–B
Out as required under § 91.225 (a) and
(b)—
(i) The aircraft’s NAC
P
must be less
than 0.05 nautical miles;
(ii) The aircraft’s NAC
V
must be less
than 10 meters per second;
VerDate Sep<11>2014
14:00 Mar 14, 2024
Jkt 262047
PO 00000
Frm 00739
Fmt 8010
Sfmt 8010
Q:\14\14V2.TXT
PC31
aworley on LAPBH6H6L3 with DISTILLER
730
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 91.227
(iii) The aircraft’s NIC must be less
than 0.2 nautical miles;
(iv) The aircraft’s SDA must be less
than or equal to 10
¥
5
per flight hour;
and
(v) The aircraft’s SIL must be less
than or equal to 10
¥
7
per flight hour or
per sample.
(2) Changes in NAC
P
, NAC
V
, SDA, and
SIL must be broadcast within 10 sec-
onds.
(3) Changes in NIC must be broadcast
within 12 seconds.
(d)
Minimum Broadcast Message Ele-
ment Set for ADS–B Out. Each aircraft
must broadcast the following informa-
tion, as defined in TSO–C166b (includ-
ing Section 2 of RTCA DO–260B, as ref-
erenced in TSO–C166b), TSO–C166c (in-
cluding Section 2 of RTCA DO–260C as
modified by DO–260C—Change 1, as ref-
erenced in TSO–C166c), TSO–C154c (in-
cluding Section 2 of RTCA DO–282B, as
referenced in TSO–C154c), or TSO–C154d
(including Section 2 of RTCA DO–282C,
as referenced in TSO–C154d). The pilot
must enter information for message
elements listed in paragraphs (d)(7)
through (10) of this section during the
appropriate phase of flight.
(1) The length and width of the air-
craft;
(2) An indication of the aircraft’s
latitude and longitude;
(3) An indication of the aircraft’s bar-
ometric pressure altitude;
(4) An indication of the aircraft’s ve-
locity;
(5) An indication if a collision avoid-
ance system is installed and operating
in a mode that can generate resolution
advisory alerts;
(6) If an operable collision avoidance
system is installed, an indication if a
resolution advisory is in effect;
(7) An indication of the Mode A
transponder code specified by ATC;
(8) An indication of the aircraft iden-
tification that is submitted on the
flight plan or used for communicating
with ATC, except when the pilot has
not filed a flight plan, has not re-
quested ATC services, and is using a
TSO–C154c or TSO–C154d self-assigned
temporary 24-bit address;
(9) An indication if the flightcrew has
identified an emergency, radio commu-
nication failure, or unlawful inter-
ference;
(10) An indication of the aircraft’s
‘‘IDENT’’ to ATC;
(11) An indication of the aircraft as-
signed ICAO 24-bit address, except
when the pilot has not filed a flight
plan, has not requested ATC services,
and is using a TSO–C154c or TSO–C154d
self-assigned temporary 24-bit address;
(12) An indication of the aircraft’s
emitter category;
(13) An indication of whether an
ADS–B In capability is available;
(14) An indication of the aircraft’s
geometric altitude;
(15) An indication of the Navigation
Accuracy Category for Position
(NAC
P
);
(16) An indication of the Navigation
Accuracy Category for Velocity
(NAC
V
);
(17) An indication of the Navigation
Integrity Category (NIC);
(18) An indication of the System De-
sign Assurance (SDA); and
(19) An indication of the Source In-
tegrity Level (SIL).
(e)
ADS–B Latency Requirements—
(1) The aircraft must transmit its
geometric position no later than 2.0
seconds from the time of measurement
of the position to the time of trans-
mission.
(2) Within the 2.0 total latency allo-
cation, a maximum of 0.6 seconds can
be uncompensated latency. The air-
craft must compensate for any latency
above 0.6 seconds up to the maximum
2.0 seconds total by extrapolating the
geometric position to the time of mes-
sage transmission.
(3) The aircraft must transmit its po-
sition and velocity at least once per
second while airborne or while moving
on the airport surface.
(4) The aircraft must transmit its po-
sition at least once every 5 seconds
while stationary on the airport surface.
(f)
Equipment with an approved devi-
ation. Operators with equipment in-
stalled with an approved deviation
under § 21.618 of this chapter also are in
compliance with this section.
(g)
Incorporation by reference. The
standards required in this section are
incorporated by reference with the ap-
proval of the Director of the Office of
the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C.
552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. This incorpo-
ration by reference (IBR) material is
VerDate Sep<11>2014
14:00 Mar 14, 2024
Jkt 262047
PO 00000
Frm 00740
Fmt 8010
Sfmt 8010
Q:\14\14V2.TXT
PC31
aworley on LAPBH6H6L3 with DISTILLER
731
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
§ 91.303
available for inspection at the FAA and
the National Archives and Records Ad-
ministration (NARA). Contact the FAA
at: Office of Rulemaking (ARM–1), 800
Independence Avenue SW, Washington,
DC 20590 (telephone 202–267–9677). For
information on the availability of this
material at NARA, visit
www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-
locations.html
or email
fr.inspection@nara.gov. This material is
also available from the following
sources indicated in this paragraph (g).
(1) U.S. Department of Transpor-
tation, Subsequent Distribution Office,
DOT Warehouse M30, Ardmore East
Business Center, 3341 Q 75th Avenue,
Landover, MD 20785; telephone (301)
322–5377; website:
www.faa.gov/aircraft/
air
l
cert/design
l
approvals/tso/
(select
the link ‘‘Search Technical Standard
Orders’’).
(i) TSO–C166b, Extended Squitter
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-
Broadcast (ADS–B) and Traffic Infor-
mation Service-Broadcast (TIS–B)
Equipment Operating on the Radio
Frequency of 1090 Megahertz (MHz),
December 2, 2009.
(ii) TSO–C166c, Extended Squitter
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-
Broadcast (ADS–B) and Traffic Infor-
mation Service-Broadcast (TIS–B)
Equipment Operating on the Radio
Frequency of 1090 Megahertz (MHz),
March 10, 2023.
(iii) TSO–C154c, Universal Access
Transceiver (UAT) Automatic Depend-
ent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS–B)
Equipment Operating on the Frequency
of 978 MHz, December 2, 2009.
(iv) TSO–C154d, Universal Access
Transceiver (UAT) Automatic Depend-
ent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS–B)
Equipment Operating on the Radio
Frequency of 978 Megahertz (MHz),
March 10, 2023.
(2) RTCA, Inc., 1150 18th St. NW,
Suite 910, Washington, DC 20036; tele-
phone (202) 833–9339; website:
www.rtca.org/products.
(i) RTCA DO–260B, Minimum Oper-
ational Performance Standards for 1090
MHz Extended Squitter Automatic De-
pendent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS–
B) and Traffic Information Services-
Broadcast (TIS–B), Section 2, Equip-
ment Performance Requirements and
Test Procedures, December 2, 2009.
(ii) RTCA DO–260C, Minimum Oper-
ational Performance Standards for 1090
MHz Extended Squitter Automatic De-
pendent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS–
B) and Traffic Information Services-
Broadcast (TIS–B), Section 2, Equip-
ment Performance Requirements and
Test Procedures, December 17, 2020.
(iii) RTCA DO–260C, Minimum Oper-
ational Performance Standards for 1090
MHz Extended Squitter Automatic De-
pendent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS–
B) and Traffic Information Services-
Broadcast (TIS–B), Change 1, January
25, 2022.
(iv) RTCA DO–282B, Minimum Oper-
ational Performance Standards for
Universal Access Transceiver (UAT)
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-
Broadcast (ADS–B), Section 2, Equip-
ment Performance Requirements and
Test Procedures, December 2, 2009.
(v) RTCA DO–282C, Minimum Oper-
ational Performance Standards
(MOPS) for Universal Access Trans-
ceiver (UAT) Automatic Dependent
Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS–B), Sec-
tion 2, Equipment Performance Re-
quirements and Test Procedures, June
23, 2022.
[Doc. No. FAA–2007–29305, 75 FR 30194, May
28, 2010; Amdt. 91–314–A, 75 FR 37712, June 30,
2010, as amended at Amdt. 91–316, 75 FR 37712,
June 30, 2010; Docket No. FAA–2023–1836;
Amdt. No. 91–371, 88 FR 71477, Oct. 17, 2023]
§§ 91.228–91.299
[Reserved]
Subpart D—Special Flight
Operations
S
OURCE
: Docket No. 18334, 54 FR 34308, Aug.
18, 1989, unless otherwise noted.
§ 91.301
[Reserved]
§ 91.303
Aerobatic flight.
No person may operate an aircraft in
aerobatic flight—
(a) Over any congested area of a city,
town, or settlement;
(b) Over an open air assembly of per-
sons;
(c) Within the lateral boundaries of
the surface areas of Class B, Class C,
Class D, or Class E airspace designated
for an airport;
(d) Within 4 nautical miles of the
center line of any Federal airway;
VerDate Sep<11>2014
14:00 Mar 14, 2024
Jkt 262047
PO 00000
Frm 00741
Fmt 8010
Sfmt 8010
Q:\14\14V2.TXT
PC31
aworley on LAPBH6H6L3 with DISTILLER