title-14-part-91-sec91-303

731

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT

§ 91.303

available for inspection at the FAA and
the National Archives and Records Ad-
ministration (NARA). Contact the FAA
at: Office of Rulemaking (ARM–1), 800
Independence Avenue SW, Washington,
DC 20590 (telephone 202–267–9677). For
information on the availability of this
material at NARA, visit
www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-
locations.html

or email

fr.inspection@nara.gov. This material is
also available from the following
sources indicated in this paragraph (g).

(1) U.S. Department of Transpor-

tation, Subsequent Distribution Office,
DOT Warehouse M30, Ardmore East
Business Center, 3341 Q 75th Avenue,
Landover, MD 20785; telephone (301)
322–5377; website:

www.faa.gov/aircraft/

air

cert/design

approvals/tso/

(select

the link ‘‘Search Technical Standard
Orders’’).

(i) TSO–C166b, Extended Squitter

Automatic Dependent Surveillance-
Broadcast (ADS–B) and Traffic Infor-
mation Service-Broadcast (TIS–B)
Equipment Operating on the Radio
Frequency of 1090 Megahertz (MHz),
December 2, 2009.

(ii) TSO–C166c, Extended Squitter

Automatic Dependent Surveillance-
Broadcast (ADS–B) and Traffic Infor-
mation Service-Broadcast (TIS–B)
Equipment Operating on the Radio
Frequency of 1090 Megahertz (MHz),
March 10, 2023.

(iii) TSO–C154c, Universal Access

Transceiver (UAT) Automatic Depend-
ent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS–B)
Equipment Operating on the Frequency
of 978 MHz, December 2, 2009.

(iv) TSO–C154d, Universal Access

Transceiver (UAT) Automatic Depend-
ent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS–B)
Equipment Operating on the Radio
Frequency of 978 Megahertz (MHz),
March 10, 2023.

(2) RTCA, Inc., 1150 18th St. NW,

Suite 910, Washington, DC 20036; tele-
phone (202) 833–9339; website:
www.rtca.org/products.

(i) RTCA DO–260B, Minimum Oper-

ational Performance Standards for 1090
MHz Extended Squitter Automatic De-
pendent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS–
B) and Traffic Information Services-
Broadcast (TIS–B), Section 2, Equip-
ment Performance Requirements and
Test Procedures, December 2, 2009.

(ii) RTCA DO–260C, Minimum Oper-

(iii) RTCA DO–260C, Minimum Oper-

ational Performance Standards for 1090
MHz Extended Squitter Automatic De-
pendent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS–
B) and Traffic Information Services-
Broadcast (TIS–B), Change 1, January
25, 2022.

(iv) RTCA DO–282B, Minimum Oper-

ational Performance Standards for
Universal Access Transceiver (UAT)
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-
Broadcast (ADS–B), Section 2, Equip-
ment Performance Requirements and
Test Procedures, December 2, 2009.

(v) RTCA DO–282C, Minimum Oper-

ational Performance Standards
(MOPS) for Universal Access Trans-
ceiver (UAT) Automatic Dependent
Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS–B), Sec-
tion 2, Equipment Performance Re-
quirements and Test Procedures, June
23, 2022.

[Doc. No. FAA–2007–29305, 75 FR 30194, May
28, 2010; Amdt. 91–314–A, 75 FR 37712, June 30,
2010, as amended at Amdt. 91–316, 75 FR 37712,
June 30, 2010; Docket No. FAA–2023–1836;
Amdt. No. 91–371, 88 FR 71477, Oct. 17, 2023]

§§ 91.228–91.299

[Reserved]

Subpart D—Special Flight

Operations

OURCE

: Docket No. 18334, 54 FR 34308, Aug.

18, 1989, unless otherwise noted.

§ 91.301

[Reserved]

§ 91.303

Aerobatic flight.

No person may operate an aircraft in

aerobatic flight—

(a) Over any congested area of a city,

town, or settlement;

(b) Over an open air assembly of per-

sons;

the surface areas of Class B, Class C,
Class D, or Class E airspace designated
for an airport;

(d) Within 4 nautical miles of the

center line of any Federal airway;

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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)

§ 91.305

(e) Below an altitude of 1,500 feet

above the surface; or

(f) When flight visibility is less than

3 statute miles.

For the purposes of this section, aero-
batic flight means an intentional ma-
neuver involving an abrupt change in
an aircraft’s attitude, an abnormal at-
titude, or abnormal acceleration, not
necessary for normal flight.

[Doc. No. 18834, 54 FR 34308, Aug. 18, 1989, as
amended by Amdt. 91–227, 56 FR 65661, Dec.
17, 1991]

§ 91.305

Flight test areas.

No person may flight test an aircraft

except over open water, or sparsely
populated areas, having light air traf-
fic.

§ 91.307

Parachutes and parachuting.

(a) No pilot of a civil aircraft may

allow a parachute that is available for
emergency use to be carried in that
aircraft unless it is an approved type
and has been packed by a certificated
and appropriately rated parachute rig-
ger—

(1) Within the preceding 180 days, if

its canopy, shrouds, and harness are
composed exclusively of nylon, rayon,
or other similar synthetic fiber or ma-
terials that are substantially resistant
to damage from mold, mildew, or other
fungi and other rotting agents propa-
gated in a moist environment; or

(2) Within the preceding 60 days, if

any part of the parachute is composed
of silk, pongee, or other natural fiber
or materials not specified in paragraph
(a)(1) of this section.

(b) Except in an emergency, no pilot

in command may allow, and no person
may conduct, a parachute operation
from an aircraft within the United
States except in accordance with part
105 of this chapter.

craft is wearing an approved parachute,
no pilot of a civil aircraft carrying any
person (other than a crewmember) may
execute any intentional maneuver that
exceeds—

(1) A bank of 60 degrees relative to

the horizon; or

(2) A nose-up or nose-down attitude

of 30 degrees relative to the horizon.

(d) Paragraph (c) of this section does

not apply to—

(1) Flight tests for pilot certification

or rating; or

(2) Spins and other flight maneuvers

required by the regulations for any cer-
tificate or rating when given by—

(i) A certificated flight instructor; or
(ii) An airline transport pilot in-

structing in accordance with § 61.67 of
this chapter.

(e) For the purposes of this section,

approved parachute means—

(1) A parachute manufactured under

a type certificate or a technical stand-
ard order (C–23 series); or

(2) A personnel-carrying military

parachute identified by an NAF, AAF,
or AN drawing number, an AAF order
number, or any other military designa-
tion or specification number.

[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34308, Aug. 18, 1989, as
amended by Amdt. 91–255, 62 FR 68137, Dec.
30, 1997; Amdt. 91–268, 66 FR 23553, May 9,
2001; Amdt. 91–305, 73 FR 69530, Nov. 19, 2008]

§ 91.309

Towing: Gliders and

unpowered ultralight vehicles.

(a) No person may operate a civil air-

craft towing a glider or unpowered
ultralight vehicle unless—

(1) The pilot in command of the tow-

ing aircraft is qualified under § 61.69 of
this chapter;

(2) The towing aircraft is equipped

with a tow-hitch of a kind, and in-
stalled in a manner, that is approved
by the Administrator;

(3) The towline used has breaking

strength not less than 80 percent of the
maximum certificated operating
weight of the glider or unpowered
ultralight vehicle and not more than
twice this operating weight. However,
the towline used may have a breaking
strength more than twice the max-
imum certificated operating weight of
the glider or unpowered ultralight ve-
hicle if—

(i) A safety link is installed at the

point of attachment of the towline to
the glider or unpowered ultralight ve-
hicle with a breaking strength not less
than 80 percent of the maximum cer-
tificated operating weight of the glider
or unpowered ultralight vehicle and
not greater than twice this operating
weight;

(ii) A safety link is installed at the

point of attachment of the towline to
the towing aircraft with a breaking