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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
§ 91.519
§ 91.515
Flight altitude rules.
(a) Notwithstanding § 91.119, and ex-
cept as provided in paragraph (b) of
this section, no person may operate an
airplane under VFR at less than—
(1) One thousand feet above the sur-
face, or 1,000 feet from any mountain,
hill, or other obstruction to flight, for
day operations; and
(2) The altitudes prescribed in § 91.177,
for night operations.
(b) This section does not apply—
(1) During takeoff or landing;
(2) When a different altitude is au-
thorized by a waiver to this section
under subpart J of this part; or
(3) When a flight is conducted under
the special VFR weather minimums of
§ 91.157 with an appropriate clearance
from ATC.
§ 91.517
Passenger information.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph
(b) of this section, no person may oper-
ate an airplane carrying passengers un-
less it is equipped with signs that are
visible to passengers and flight attend-
ants to notify them when smoking is
prohibited and when safety belts must
be fastened. The signs must be so con-
structed that the crew can turn them
on and off. They must be turned on
during airplane movement on the sur-
face, for each takeoff, for each landing,
and when otherwise considered to be
necessary by the pilot in command.
(b) The pilot in command of an air-
plane that is not required, in accord-
ance with applicable aircraft and
equipment requirements of this chap-
ter, to be equipped as provided in para-
graph (a) of this section shall ensure
that the passengers are notified orally
each time that it is necessary to fasten
their safety belts and when smoking is
prohibited.
(c) If passenger information signs are
installed, no passenger or crewmember
may smoke while any ‘‘no smoking’’
sign is lighted nor may any passenger
or crewmember smoke in any lavatory.
(d) Each passenger required by
§ 91.107(a)(3) to occupy a seat or berth
shall fasten his or her safety belt about
him or her and keep it fastened while
any ‘‘fasten seat belt’’ sign is lighted.
(e) Each passenger shall comply with
instructions given him or her by crew-
members regarding compliance with
paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this sec-
tion.
[Doc. No. 26142, 57 FR 42672, Sept. 15, 1992]
§ 91.519
Passenger briefing.
(a) Before each takeoff the pilot in
command of an airplane carrying pas-
sengers shall ensure that all passengers
have been orally briefed on—
(1)
Smoking. Each passenger shall be
briefed on when, where, and under what
conditions smoking is prohibited. This
briefing shall include a statement, as
appropriate, that the Federal Aviation
Regulations require passenger compli-
ance with lighted passenger informa-
tion signs and no smoking placards,
prohibit smoking in lavatories, and re-
quire compliance with crewmember in-
structions with regard to these items;
(2)
Use of safety belts and shoulder har-
nesses. Each passenger shall be briefed
on when, where, and under what condi-
tions it is necessary to have his or her
safety belt and, if installed, his or her
shoulder harness fastened about him or
her. This briefing shall include a state-
ment, as appropriate, that Federal
Aviation Regulations require passenger
compliance with the lighted passenger
sign and/or crewmember instructions
with regard to these items;
(3) Location and means for opening
the passenger entry door and emer-
gency exits;
(4) Location of survival equipment;
(5) Ditching procedures and the use of
flotation equipment required under
§ 91.509 for a flight over water; and
(6) The normal and emergency use of
oxygen equipment installed on the air-
plane.
(b) The oral briefing required by
paragraph (a) of this section shall be
given by the pilot in command or a
member of the crew, but need not be
given when the pilot in command de-
termines that the passengers are famil-
iar with the contents of the briefing. It
may be supplemented by printed cards
for the use of each passenger con-
taining—
(1) A diagram of, and methods of op-
erating, the emergency exits; and
(2) Other instructions necessary for
use of emergency equipment.
(c) Each card used under paragraph
(b) must be carried in convenient loca-
tions on the airplane for the use of
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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 91.521
each passenger and must contain infor-
mation that is pertinent only to the
type and model airplane on which it is
used.
(d) For operations under subpart K of
this part, the passenger briefing re-
quirements of § 91.1035 apply, instead of
the requirements of paragraphs (a)
through (c) of this section.
[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34314, Aug. 18, 1989, as
amended by Amdt. 91–231, 57 FR 42672, Sept.
15, 1992; Amdt. 91–280, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17,
2003]
§ 91.521
Shoulder harness.
(a) No person may operate a trans-
port category airplane that was type
certificated after January 1, 1958, un-
less it is equipped at each seat at a
flight deck station with a combined
safety belt and shoulder harness that
meets the applicable requirements
specified in § 25.785 of this chapter, ex-
cept that—
(1) Shoulder harnesses and combined
safety belt and shoulder harnesses that
were approved and installed before
March 6, 1980, may continue to be used;
and
(2) Safety belt and shoulder harness
restraint systems may be designed to
the inertia load factors established
under the certification basis of the air-
plane.
(b) No person may operate a trans-
port category airplane unless it is
equipped at each required flight at-
tendant seat in the passenger compart-
ment with a combined safety belt and
shoulder harness that meets the appli-
cable requirements specified in § 25.785
of this chapter, except that—
(1) Shoulder harnesses and combined
safety belt and shoulder harnesses that
were approved and installed before
March 6, 1980, may continue to be used;
and
(2) Safety belt and shoulder harness
restraint systems may be designed to
the inertia load factors established
under the certification basis of the air-
plane.
§ 91.523
Carry-on baggage.
No pilot in command of an airplane
having a seating capacity of more than
19 passengers may permit a passenger
to stow baggage aboard that airplane
except—
(a) In a suitable baggage or cargo
storage compartment, or as provided in
§ 91.525; or
(b) Under a passenger seat in such a
way that it will not slide forward under
crash impacts severe enough to induce
the ultimate inertia forces specified in
§ 25.561(b)(3) of this chapter, or the re-
quirements of the regulations under
which the airplane was type certifi-
cated. Restraining devices must also
limit sideward motion of under-seat
baggage and be designed to withstand
crash impacts severe enough to induce
sideward forces specified in § 25.561(b)(3)
of this chapter.
§ 91.525
Carriage of cargo.
(a) No pilot in command may permit
cargo to be carried in any airplane un-
less—
(1) It is carried in an approved cargo
rack, bin, or compartment installed in
the airplane;
(2) It is secured by means approved
by the Administrator; or
(3) It is carried in accordance with
each of the following:
(i) It is properly secured by a safety
belt or other tiedown having enough
strength to eliminate the possibility of
shifting under all normally anticipated
flight and ground conditions.
(ii) It is packaged or covered to avoid
possible injury to passengers.
(iii) It does not impose any load on
seats or on the floor structure that ex-
ceeds the load limitation for those
components.
(iv) It is not located in a position
that restricts the access to or use of
any required emergency or regular
exit, or the use of the aisle between the
crew and the passenger compartment.
(v) It is not carried directly above
seated passengers.
(b) When cargo is carried in cargo
compartments that are designed to re-
quire the physical entry of a crew-
member to extinguish any fire that
may occur during flight, the cargo
must be loaded so as to allow a crew-
member to effectively reach all parts
of the compartment with the contents
of a hand fire extinguisher.
§ 91.527
Operating in icing conditions.
(a) No pilot may take off an airplane
that has frost, ice, or snow adhering to
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