750
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–24 Edition)
§ 91.521
each passenger and must contain infor-
mation that is pertinent only to the
type and model airplane on which it is
used.
(d) For operations under subpart K of
this part, the passenger briefing re-
quirements of § 91.1035 apply, instead of
the requirements of paragraphs (a)
through (c) of this section.
[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34314, Aug. 18, 1989, as
amended by Amdt. 91–231, 57 FR 42672, Sept.
15, 1992; Amdt. 91–280, 68 FR 54561, Sept. 17,
2003]
§ 91.521
Shoulder harness.
(a) No person may operate a trans-
port category airplane that was type
certificated after January 1, 1958, un-
less it is equipped at each seat at a
flight deck station with a combined
safety belt and shoulder harness that
meets the applicable requirements
specified in § 25.785 of this chapter, ex-
cept that—
(1) Shoulder harnesses and combined
safety belt and shoulder harnesses that
were approved and installed before
March 6, 1980, may continue to be used;
and
(2) Safety belt and shoulder harness
restraint systems may be designed to
the inertia load factors established
under the certification basis of the air-
plane.
(b) No person may operate a trans-
port category airplane unless it is
equipped at each required flight at-
tendant seat in the passenger compart-
ment with a combined safety belt and
shoulder harness that meets the appli-
cable requirements specified in § 25.785
of this chapter, except that—
(1) Shoulder harnesses and combined
safety belt and shoulder harnesses that
were approved and installed before
March 6, 1980, may continue to be used;
and
(2) Safety belt and shoulder harness
restraint systems may be designed to
the inertia load factors established
under the certification basis of the air-
plane.
§ 91.523
Carry-on baggage.
No pilot in command of an airplane
having a seating capacity of more than
19 passengers may permit a passenger
to stow baggage aboard that airplane
except—
(a) In a suitable baggage or cargo
storage compartment, or as provided in
§ 91.525; or
(b) Under a passenger seat in such a
way that it will not slide forward under
crash impacts severe enough to induce
the ultimate inertia forces specified in
§ 25.561(b)(3) of this chapter, or the re-
quirements of the regulations under
which the airplane was type certifi-
cated. Restraining devices must also
limit sideward motion of under-seat
baggage and be designed to withstand
crash impacts severe enough to induce
sideward forces specified in § 25.561(b)(3)
of this chapter.
§ 91.525
Carriage of cargo.
(a) No pilot in command may permit
cargo to be carried in any airplane un-
less—
(1) It is carried in an approved cargo
rack, bin, or compartment installed in
the airplane;
(2) It is secured by means approved
by the Administrator; or
(3) It is carried in accordance with
each of the following:
(i) It is properly secured by a safety
belt or other tiedown having enough
strength to eliminate the possibility of
shifting under all normally anticipated
flight and ground conditions.
(ii) It is packaged or covered to avoid
possible injury to passengers.
(iii) It does not impose any load on
seats or on the floor structure that ex-
ceeds the load limitation for those
components.
(iv) It is not located in a position
that restricts the access to or use of
any required emergency or regular
exit, or the use of the aisle between the
crew and the passenger compartment.
(v) It is not carried directly above
seated passengers.
(b) When cargo is carried in cargo
compartments that are designed to re-
quire the physical entry of a crew-
member to extinguish any fire that
may occur during flight, the cargo
must be loaded so as to allow a crew-
member to effectively reach all parts
of the compartment with the contents
of a hand fire extinguisher.
§ 91.527
Operating in icing conditions.
(a) No pilot may take off an airplane
that has frost, ice, or snow adhering to
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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT
§ 91.531
any propeller, windshield, stabilizing
or control surface; to a powerplant in-
stallation; or to an airspeed, altimeter,
rate of climb, or flight attitude instru-
ment system or wing, except that take-
offs may be made with frost under the
wing in the area of the fuel tanks if au-
thorized by the FAA.
(b) No pilot may fly under IFR into
known or forecast light or moderate
icing conditions, or under VFR into
known light or moderate icing condi-
tions, unless—
(1) The aircraft has functioning deic-
ing or anti-icing equipment protecting
each rotor blade, propeller, windshield,
wing, stabilizing or control surface,
and each airspeed, altimeter, rate of
climb, or flight attitude instrument
system;
(2) The airplane has ice protection
provisions that meet section 34 of Spe-
cial Federal Aviation Regulation No.
23; or
(3) The airplane meets transport cat-
egory airplane type certification provi-
sions, including the requirements for
certification for flight in icing condi-
tions.
(c) Except for an airplane that has
ice protection provisions that meet the
requirements in section 34 of Special
Federal Aviation Regulation No. 23, or
those for transport category airplane
type certification, no pilot may fly an
airplane into known or forecast severe
icing conditions.
(d) If current weather reports and
briefing information relied upon by the
pilot in command indicate that the
forecast icing conditions that would
otherwise prohibit the flight will not
be encountered during the flight be-
cause of changed weather conditions
since the forecast, the restrictions in
paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section
based on forecast conditions do not
apply.
[Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34314, Aug. 18, 1989, as
amended by Amdt. 91–310, 74 FR 62696, Dec. 1,
2009]
§ 91.529
Flight engineer requirements.
(a) No person may operate the fol-
lowing airplanes without a flight crew-
member holding a current flight engi-
neer certificate:
(1) An airplane for which a type cer-
tificate was issued before January 2,
1964, having a maximum certificated
takeoff weight of more than 80,000
pounds.
(2) An airplane type certificated after
January 1, 1964, for which a flight engi-
neer is required by the type certifi-
cation requirements.
(b) No person may serve as a required
flight engineer on an airplane unless,
within the preceding 6 calendar
months, that person has had at least 50
hours of flight time as a flight engineer
on that type airplane or has been
checked by the Administrator on that
type airplane and is found to be famil-
iar and competent with all essential
current information and operating pro-
cedures.
§ 91.531
Second in command require-
ments.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph
(b) of this section, no person may oper-
ate the following airplanes without a
pilot designated as second in command:
(1) Any airplane that is type certifi-
cated for more than one required pilot.
(2) Any large airplane.
(3) Any commuter category airplane.
(b) A person may operate the fol-
lowing airplanes without a pilot des-
ignated as second in command:
(1) Any airplane certificated for oper-
ation with one pilot.
(2) A large airplane or turbojet-pow-
ered multiengine airplane that holds a
special airworthiness certificate, if:
(i) The airplane was originally de-
signed with only one pilot station; or
(ii) The airplane was originally de-
signed with more than one pilot sta-
tion, but single pilot operations were
permitted by the airplane flight man-
ual or were otherwise permitted by a
branch of the United States Armed
Forces or the armed forces of a foreign
contracting State to the Convention on
International Civil Aviation.
(c) No person may designate a pilot
to serve as second in command, nor
may any pilot serve as second in com-
mand, of an airplane required under
this section to have two pilots unless
that pilot meets the qualifications for
second in command prescribed in § 61.55
of this chapter.
[Docket FAA–2016–6142, Amdt. 91–351, 83 FR
30282, June 27, 2018]
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