867 

Pipeline and Haz. Matls. Safety Admin., DOT 

§ 175.310 

(2) Protected from being damaged, in-

cluding by the shifting of baggage, 
mail, stores, or other cargo; 

(3) Loaded so that accidental damage 

is not caused through dragging or mis-
handling; and 

(4) When containing Class 7 (radio-

active) materials, secured in a manner 
that ensures that the separation re-
quirements of §§ 175.701 and 175.702 will 
be maintained at all times during 
flight. 

[71 FR 14604, Mar. 22, 2006, as amended at 83 
FR 52900, Oct. 18, 2018] 

§ 175.90

Damaged shipments. 

(a) Packages or overpacks containing 

hazardous materials must be inspected 
for damage or leakage after being un-
loaded from an aircraft. When pack-
ages or overpacks containing haz-
ardous materials have been transported 
in a unit load device, the area where 
the unit load device was stowed must 
be inspected for evidence of leakage or 
contamination immediately upon re-
moval of the unit load device from the 
aircraft, and the packages or overpacks 
must be inspected for evidence of dam-
age or leakage when the unit load de-
vice is unloaded. In the event of leak-
age or suspected leakage, the compart-
ment in which the package, overpack, 
or unit load device was carried must be 
inspected for contamination and decon-
taminated, if applicable. 

(b) Except as provided in § 175.700, the 

operator of an aircraft must remove 
from the aircraft any package, baggage 
or cargo that appears to be leaking or 
contaminated by a hazardous material. 
In the case of a package, baggage or 
cargo that appears to be leaking, the 
operator must ensure that other pack-
ages, baggage or cargo in the same 
shipment are in proper condition for 
transport aboard the aircraft and that 
no other package, baggage or cargo has 
been contaminated or is leaking. If an 
operator becomes aware that a pack-
age, baggage or cargo not identified as 
containing a hazardous material has 
been contaminated, or the operator has 
cause to believe that a hazardous mate-
rial may be the cause of the contami-
nation, the operator must take reason-
able steps to identify the nature and 
source of contamination before pro-
ceeding with the loading of the con-

taminated baggage or cargo. If the con-
taminating substance is found or sus-
pected to be hazardous material, the 
operator must isolate the package, 
baggage or cargo and take appropriate 
steps to eliminate any identified haz-
ard before continuing the transpor-
tation of the item by aircraft. 

(c) No person may place aboard an 

aircraft a package, baggage or cargo 
that is contaminated with a hazardous 
material or appears to be leaking. 

(d) If a package containing a mate-

rial in Division 6.2 (infectious sub-
stance) is found to be damaged or leak-
ing, the person finding the package 
must: 

(1) Avoid handling the package or 

keep handling to a minimum; 

(2) Inspect packages adjacent to the 

leaking package for contamination and 
withhold from further transportation 
any contaminated packages until it is 
ascertained that they can be safely 
transported; 

(3) Comply with the reporting re-

quirement of §§ 171.15 and 175.31 of this 
subchapter; and 

(4) Notify the consignor or consignee. 

Subpart C—Specific Regulations 

Applicable According to 
Classification of Material 

§ 175.310

Transportation of flammable 

liquid fuel; aircraft only means of 
transportation. 

(a) When other means of transpor-

tation are impracticable, flammable 
liquid fuels may be carried on certain 
passenger and cargo aircraft as pro-
vided in this section, without regard to 
the packaging references and quantity 
limits listed in Columns 7, 8 and 9 of 
the § 172.101 Hazardous Materials Table. 
All requirements of this subchapter 
that are not specifically covered in this 
section continue to apply to shipments 
made under the provisions of this sec-
tion. For purposes of this section ‘‘im-
practicable’’ means transportation is 
not physically possible or cannot be 
performed by routine and frequent 
means of other transportation, due to 
extenuating circumstances. Extenu-
ating circumstances include: condi-
tions precluding highway or water 
transportation, such as a frozen vessel 

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49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–23 Edition) 

§ 175.310 

route; road closures due to cata-
strophic weather or volcanic activity; 
or a declared state of emergency. The 
desire for expedience of a shipper, car-
rier, or consignor, is not relevant in de-
termining whether other means of 
transportation are impracticable. The 
stowage requirements of § 175.75(a) do 
not apply to a person operating an air-
craft under the provisions of this sec-
tion which, because of its size and con-
figuration, makes it impossible to com-
ply. 

(b) A small passenger-carrying air-

craft operated entirely within the 
State of Alaska or into a remote area, 
in other than scheduled passenger oper-
ations, may carry up to 76 L (20 gal-
lons) of flammable liquid fuel (in Pack-
ing Group II or Packing Group III), 
when: 

(1) The flight is necessary to meet 

the needs of a passenger; and 

(2) The fuel is carried in one of the 

following types of containers: 

(i) Strong tight metal containers of 

not more than 20 L (5.3 gallons) capac-
ity, each packed inside a UN 4G fiber-
board box, at the Packing Group II per-
formance level, or each packed inside a 
UN 4C1 wooden box, at the Packing 
Group II performance level; 

(ii) Airtight, leakproof, inside con-

tainers of not more than 40 L (11 gal-
lons) capacity and of at least 28-gauge 
metal, each packed inside a UN 4C1 
wooden box, at the Packing Group II 
performance level; 

(iii) UN 1A1 steel drums, at the Pack-

ing Group I or II performance level, of 
not more than 20 L (5.3 gallons) capac-
ity; or 

(iv) In fuel tanks attached to flam-

mable liquid fuel powered equipment 
under the following conditions: 

(A) Each piece of equipment is se-

cured in an upright position; 

(B) Each fuel tank is filled in a man-

ner that will preclude spillage of fuel 
during loading, unloading, and trans-
portation; and 

(C) Fueling and refueling of the 

equipment is prohibited in or on the 
aircraft. 

(3) In the case of a passenger-car-

rying helicopter, the fuel or fueled 
equipment must be carried on external 
cargo racks or slings. 

(c) Flammable liquid fuels may be 

carried on a cargo aircraft, subject to 
the following conditions: 

(1)(i) The flammable liquid fuel is in 

Packing Group II or Packing Group III 
except as indicated in paragraph 
(c)(1)(iv) of this section; 

(ii) The fuel is carried in packagings 

authorized in paragraph (b) of this sec-
tion; 

(iii) The fuel is carried in metal 

drums (UN 1A1, 1B1, 1N1) authorized for 
Packing Group I or Packing Group II 
liquid hazardous materials and having 
rated capacities of 220 L (58 gallons) or 
less. These single packagings may not 
be transported in the same aircraft 
with Class 1, Class 5, or Class 8 mate-
rials. 

(iv) Combustible and flammable liq-

uid fuels (including those in Packing 
Group I) may be carried in installed 
aircraft tanks each having a capacity 
of more than 450 L (118.9 gallons), sub-
ject to the following additional condi-
tions: 

(A) The tanks and their associated 

piping and equipment and the installa-
tion thereof must have been approved 
for the material to be transported by 
the appropriate FAA Flight Standards 
District Office. 

(B) In the case of an aircraft being 

operated by a certificate holder, the 
operator shall list the aircraft and the 
approval information in its operating 
specifications. If the aircraft is being 
operated by other than a certificate 
holder, a copy of the FAA Flight 
Standards District Office approval re-
quired by this section must be carried 
on the aircraft. 

(C) The crew of the aircraft must be 

thoroughly briefed on the operation of 
the particular bulk tank system being 
used. 

(D) During loading and unloading and 

thereafter until any remaining fumes 
within the aircraft are dissipated: 

(

1

) Only those electrically operated 

bulk tank shutoff valves that have 
been approved under a supplemental 
type certificate may be electrically op-
erated. 

(

2

) No engine or electrical equipment, 

avionic equipment, or auxiliary power 
units may be operated, except position 
lights in the steady position and equip-
ment required by approved loading or 

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Pipeline and Haz. Matls. Safety Admin., DOT 

§ 175.501 

unloading procedures, as set forth in 
the operator’s operations manual, or 
for operators that are not certificate 
holders, as set forth in a written state-
ment. 

(

3

) Static ground wires must be con-

nected between the storage tank or fu-
eler and the aircraft, and between the 
aircraft and a positive ground device. 

(2) [Reserved] 
(d) The following restrictions apply 

to loading, handling, or carrying fuel 
under the provisions of this section: 

(1) During loading and unloading, no 

person may smoke, carry a lighted cig-
arette, cigar, or pipe, or operate any 
device capable of causing an open 
flame or spark within 15 m (50 feet) of 
the aircraft. 

(2) No person may fill a container, 

other than an approved bulk tank, with 
a Class 3 material or combustible liq-
uid or discharge a Class 3 material or 
combustible liquid from a container, 
other than an approved bulk tank, 
while that container is inside or within 
15 m (50 feet) of the aircraft. 

(3) When filling an approved bulk 

tank by hose from inside the aircraft, 
the doors and hatches of the aircraft 
must be fully open to insure proper 
ventilation. 

(4) Each area or compartment in 

which the fuel is loaded is suitably ven-
tilated to prevent the accumulation of 
fuel vapors. 

(5) Fuel is transferred to the aircraft 

fuel tanks only while the aircraft is on 
the ground. 

(6) Before each flight, the pilot-in- 

command: 

(i) Prohibits smoking, lighting 

matches, the carrying of any lighted 
cigar, pipe, cigarette or flame, and the 
use of anything that might cause an 
open flame or spark, while in flight; 
and 

(ii) For passenger aircraft, informs 

each passenger of the location of the 
fuel and the hazards involved. 

(e) Operators must comply with the 

following: 

(1) If the aircraft is being operated by 

a holder of a certificate issued under 14 
CFR part 121 or part 135, operations 
must be conducted in accordance with 
conditions and limitations specified in 
the certificate holder’s operations 
specifications or operations manual ac-

cepted by the FAA. If the aircraft is 
being operated under 14 CFR part 91, 
operations must be conducted in ac-
cordance with an operations plan ac-
cepted and acknowledged in writing by 
the FAA Principal Operations Inspec-
tor assigned to the operator. 

(2) The aircraft and the loading ar-

rangement to be used must be approved 
for the safe carriage of the particular 
materials concerned by the FAA Prin-
cipal Operations Inspector assigned to 
the operator. 

§ 175.501

Special requirements for 

oxidizers and compressed oxygen. 

(a) Compressed oxygen, when prop-

erly labeled Oxidizer or Oxygen, may 
be loaded and transported as provided 
in this section. Except for Oxygen, 
compressed, no person may load or 
transport a hazardous material for 
which an OXIDIZER label is required 
under this subchapter in an inacces-
sible cargo compartment that does not 
have a fire or smoke detection system 
and a fire suppression system. 

(b) In addition to the quantity limi-

tations prescribed in § 175.75, no more 
than a combined total of six cylinders 
of compressed oxygen may be stowed 
on an aircraft in the inaccessible air-
craft cargo compartment(s) that do not 
have fire or smoke detection systems 
and fire suppression systems. 

(c) When loaded into a passenger-car-

rying aircraft or in an inaccessible 
cargo location on a cargo-only aircraft, 
cylinders of compressed oxygen must 
be stowed horizontally on the floor or 
as close as practicable to the floor of 
the cargo compartment or unit load de-
vice. This provision does not apply to 
cylinders stowed in the cabin of the 
aircraft in accordance with paragraph 
(e) of this section. 

(d) When transported in a Class B air-

craft cargo compartment (see 14 CFR 
25.857(b)) or its equivalent (i.e., an ac-
cessible cargo compartment equipped 
with a fire or smoke detection system, 
but not a fire suppression system), cyl-
inders of compressed oxygen must be 
loaded in a manner that a crew mem-
ber can see, handle and, when size and 
weight permit, separate the cylinders 
from other cargo during flight. No 
more than six cylinders of compressed 
oxygen and, in addition, one cylinder of