6/17/21
AIM
performance is monitored by maintenance personnel
rather than ATC, report malfunctions to the nearest
Flight Service Station (FSS) facility by radio or
telephone, or by sending an email to the ADS
−
B help
desk at adsb@faa.gov. Reports should include:
1.
Condition observed;
2.
Date and time of observation;
3.
Altitude and location of observation;
4.
Type and call sign of the aircraft; and
5.
Type and software version of avionics
system.
4
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5
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8. Traffic Information Service
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Broadcast (TIS
−
B)
a. Introduction
TIS
−
B is the broadcast of ATC derived traffic
information to ADS
−
B equipped (1090ES or UAT)
aircraft from ground radio stations. The source of this
traffic information is derived from ground
−
based air
traffic surveillance sensors. TIS
−
B service will be
available throughout the NAS where there are both
adequate surveillance coverage from ground sensors
and adequate broadcast coverage from ADS
−
B
ground radio stations. The quality level of traffic
information provided by TIS
−
B is dependent upon
the number and type of ground sensors available as
TIS
−
B sources and the timeliness of the reported
data. (See FIG 4
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5
−
8 and FIG 4
−
5
−
9.)
b. TIS
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B Requirements.
In order to receive TIS
−
B service, the following
conditions must exist:
1.
Aircraft must be equipped with an ADS
−
B
transmitter/receiver or transceiver, and a cockpit
display of traffic information (CDTI).
2.
Aircraft must fly within the coverage volume
of a compatible ground radio station that is
configured for TIS
−
B uplinks. (Not all ground radio
stations provide TIS
−
B due to a lack of radar
coverage or because a radar feed is not available).
3.
Aircraft must be within the coverage of and
detected by at least one ATC radar serving the ground
radio station in use.
c. TIS
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B Capabilities.
1.
TIS
−
B is intended to provide ADS
−
B
equipped aircraft with a more complete traffic picture
in situations where not all nearby aircraft are
equipped with ADS
−
B Out. This advisory
−
only
application is intended to enhance a pilot’s visual
acquisition of other traffic.
2.
Only transponder
−
equipped targets
(i.e., Mode A/C or Mode S transponders) are
transmitted through the ATC ground system
architecture. Current radar siting may result in
limited radar surveillance coverage at lower
altitudes near some airports, with subsequently
limited TIS
−
B service volume coverage. If there is
no radar coverage in a given area, then there will be
no TIS
−
B coverage in that area.
d. TIS
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B Limitations.
1.
TIS
−
B is NOT intended to be used as a
collision avoidance system and does not relieve the
pilot’s responsibility to “see and avoid” other aircraft,
in accordance with 14CFR §91.113b. TIS
−
B must
not be used for avoidance maneuvers during times
when there is no visual contact with the intruder
aircraft. TIS
−
B is intended only to assist in the visual
acquisition of other aircraft.
NOTE
−
No aircraft avoidance maneuvers are authorized as a
direct result of a TIS
−
B target being displayed in the
cockpit.
2.
While TIS
−
B is a useful aid to visual traffic
avoidance, its inherent system limitations must be
understood to ensure proper use.
(a)
A pilot may receive an intermittent TIS
−
B
target of themselves, typically when maneuvering
(e.g., climbing turns) due to the radar not tracking
the aircraft as quickly as ADS
−
B.
(b)
The ADS
−
B
−
to
−
radar association pro
cess within the ground system may at times have
difficulty correlating an ADS
−
B report with
corresponding radar returns from the same aircraft.
When this happens the pilot may see duplicate traffic
symbols (i.e., “TIS
−
B shadows”) on the cockpit
display.
(c)
Updates of TIS
−
B traffic reports will
occur less often than ADS
−
B traffic updates. TIS
−
B
position updates will occur approximately once
every 3
−
13 seconds depending on the type of radar
system in use within the coverage area. In
comparison, the update rate for ADS
−
B is nominally
once per second.
Surveillance Systems
4
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5
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